变晶的

Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to study transformation pseudoelasticity in NiAl alloy with a initial B2 structure, using EAM type interatomic potential for NiAl.

利用NiAl合金的嵌入原子势，进行了B2结构NiAl单晶中相变伪弹性的分子动力学模拟模拟过程中系统的径向分布函数和键连线原子分布图的变化表明，在外加拉应力的作用下，B2结构的奥氏体向L10结构的马氏体转变，马氏体在长大过程中发生了变体间的转化与合并，不同取向的变体之间由于自协调效应形成共格的孪晶界面。

The formation of martensite is accomplished by the immigration of well-defined glissile interface (121)fcc type and its misfit dislocations can produce the lattice invariant deformation on the basis of phenomenal theory of martensitic crystallography, however, LID is retarded slightly after the migration of interphase (121)fcc, i.e.a thin plate-like zone exists without LID in martensite near the well-defined interface. When the temperature reduces to the Ms point, the lattice parameter of austenite matrix is √3/2 times that of the martensite without LID. This critical condition for spontaneous transformation agrees with that the stack fault energy in matrix is less than zero according to Olson and Cohen's nucleation model.

通过模型分析表明：fcc/bcc马氏体形核与长大过程是通过(121)fcc型择优界面推移进行的，界面上的错配位错可以完成马氏体晶体学唯象理论要求的点阵不变变形，但LID要稍滞后于界面迁移，即在马氏体形核与长大过程中推移界面新相一侧存在一未发生LID的新相薄区；当相变温度达到马氏体相变点Ms时，母相奥氏体与这一薄区的晶格常数比为√3/2，这一几何条件和Olson-Cohen形核模型中要求扩展位错层错区界面能γ≤0是等价的。

At this moment,that the change of neutral plane position plays a main role in the course of interface bonding,the grain refinement degree heightens whenεincreases. When e is higher than 4.8,the copper with big grains is made up of two kinds of structure regions in the course of deforming,namely fine sub-grains region and high density dislocation region.

此时，异步叠轧中性面位置的改变对界面的复合起到主要作用，变形等效应变的增大使晶粒细化程度变大；变形等效应变ε≥4.8时，粗晶铜在变形过程中有两种组织区域组成，分别为细小亚晶区和高密度位错区。

The lecture contains 12 chapters for 2 semesters and includes information of materials basic features and properties such as Crystallography, Motion state of electrons in solids, Crystal structure, Semi-crystals and non-crystals, Phase diagram, Point defects and line defects, Plane defects and volume defects, Diffusion, as well as the basic principles of materials processing such as Solidification, Deformation and recrystallization, Solid transformation.

授课内容分十二章；涉及材料最基本的性质和特征（晶体学基础，固体材料中电子运动状态，晶体结构，非晶态与半晶态，相图、晶体中的点缺陷与线缺陷、面缺陷与体缺陷、扩散）以及材料成形过程涉及的基本原理（凝固、形变与再结晶、固态相变等）。

The conventional method of preparing fine cemented carbide is to reduce and carburize fine W and WC powder at low temperature, then inhibitors,such as TaC, Cr3C2 and VC, are usually added into the powder to prevent the WC grains from coarsening during sintering.

制取这种微晶硬质合金通常的方法是，用还原和碳化方法，首先得到细W粉和WC粉，然后加入TaC、Cr3C2和VC等晶粒长大抑制剂，并且通常是将这些抑制剂加入到W粉或WC粉中，防止WC晶粒在烧结时长大变大变粗。

The thermal shock resistance of the brick is expected to improve as a result of bigger bulk density, lower thermal expansion coefficient, phase transformation of fused MgO-ZrO2 eutectic powder, formation of magnesiaalumina spinel and forsterite.

材料性能的变化主要与电熔MgO-ZrO2共晶砂的体积密度大、热膨胀系数小、氧化锆的相变、镁铝尖晶石和镁橄榄石等物相的生成相关。

The microstructure of materials depends on not only the phase selection at the onset of solidification, but also on the following microstructural evolution. In the present paper, the near equal atomic percent Ti-Al peritectic alloys were selected.

许多重要工程材料的液固相变都包含有包晶反应，而扩散控制包晶转变的程度直接影响最终组织中各相的组成、形态和分布。

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In the ferrous martensite transformations, the lath martensite of substructure with high-density dislocations is made up of the transformation basic-units with same orientations whereas the plate-shaped martensite with twin substructure is made up of the basic-units with different orientations.

本文根据铁基合金马氏体和贝氏体显微组织观察以及晶体学位向关系测定，提出板条马氏体、孪晶马氏体和贝氏体铁素体均由相变基元构成，相变基元具有切变形核长大的晶体学特征。

The results show that HDPE pipe prepared by vibration extrusion has higher crystallinity, higher melting temperature, larger lamellar thickness, larger crystal size, and more perfect crystals, and the slow crack growth resistance of HDPE pipe is improved.

结果表明：振动挤出的HDPE管材结晶度提高，熔点升高，晶片变厚，晶粒尺寸变大，结晶完善，耐慢速裂纹增长性能提高。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。