变晶

The results indicate that the flow stress of the alloy increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The flow stress increases with increasing strain until the stress reaches the peak value, then the flow stress remains constant, which indicates that dynamic recrystallization happens during deformation. The flow behaviors are described by the hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, and the activation energy calculated is 337.75 kJ/mol. The as-forged microstructure consists of refined α2/γ and γ grains, and the grains are much homogeneous than before. The B2 phase distributes uniformly at the grain boundary of α2/γ and γ grains. The B2 phase decreases with increasing deformation temperature.

结果表明：流变应力随着应变速率提高和变形温度降低而增大；在变形过程中，流变应力随着变形量增大而增大，当流变应力达到峰值后趋于平稳，表明合金在变形过程中发生了动态再结晶；热变形过程的流变应力可采用双曲正弦本构关系来描述，平均激活能为337.75 kJ/mol；从合金的组织演化过程中可以看出，合金中不均匀的原始组织得到明显均匀化，变形后的组织是由α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒组成的双态组织，在α2/γ层片晶团和γ晶粒的晶界交界处发现分布均匀的B2相，并且随着变形温度升高B2相数量逐渐减少。

The macroscopic rheological parameters and microstructure parameters were closely related, it is helpful to explain the essence of multiple rheological properties through the analysis of which the wax evolution process and microstructure of the crude oil which is waxy and high viscosity; the yield time of gelled waxy crude oil monotone increases along with the decreasing of rate of shear (the time of stress effect prolonged), there was power function relationship between them, it can be expressed with ; when adding diesel oil to Sudan crude oil, dilute proportion bigger the eccentricity degree of paraffin particles were bigger too, that was to say the symmetry of wax crystal was better, the wax crystal form fabric more hardly when the intermolecular interaction was smaller; in the light of macroscopica, the fall extent of the abnormity temperature, solidifying point and viscosity could be larger along with the accretion of dilute proportion, as a result, it's rheological properties could be improved.

SD原油析蜡点为94℃，析蜡高峰为50～30℃，异常点为40℃；其蜡晶颗粒细小、对称性差，所以具有较大的比表面能，容易形成联生、联锁结构；损耗角曲线与储能模量曲线或损耗模量曲线的交点所对应的温度与原油凝点或倾点温度非常接近，大约在39℃左右；也就是说，含蜡原油粘弹特性曲线的交点可以表征其流动性；原油宏观流变参数与微观结构参数密切相关，原油析蜡过程及蜡晶微观结构分析有助于诠释易凝高粘原油多重流变特性的本质；胶凝含蜡原油的屈服时间随剪切速率的降低而单调增加，二者显然存在幂函数关系，可用关系式描述；当SD原油加柴油稀释处理时，稀释比越高，蜡晶颗粒的偏心度也越大，亦即蜡晶对称性越好，分子间作用力越小，蜡晶颗粒越不易形成结构，宏观表现为异常点、凝点及表观粘度等流变参数下降的幅度越大，流动性越好。

The crystalloblastic and cumulatic textures of pyroxenite inclusions imply that two magmatic underplatings could happen in the upper mantle.

变晶与堆积两种结构类型代表了两次岩浆底侵事件的发生。

The olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite with crystalloblastic texture and cumulate texture in Mesozoic igneous rocks from western Shandong and western Liaoning reveal that the several magmatic underplating events had taken place before the formation of Mesozoic host-rocks.

鲁西、辽西中生代火成岩中具有变晶结构和堆积结构的橄辉岩-辉石岩类包体的岩石学、矿物学、元素和同位素地球化学研究揭示了该区中生代寄主岩形成之前，曾有过多次的岩浆底侵作用发生。

The results show that the chlorite jade is in dark green, semi-translucent to opaque, and lepidoblastic texture, with hardness of 2.5, refractive index 1.58 and density 2.60 g/cm^3. It has homogeneous texture and less fissures, and no fluorescence under ultraviolet fluorescence lamp. XRD analysis shows that the mineral composition of the chlorite jade is mainly chlorite.

结果表明，该绿泥石玉呈深绿色、微透明－不透明集合体，具鳞片变晶结构，裂隙少，质地均匀，在紫外荧光灯下不发荧光，摩氏硬度为2.5，折射率为1.58，密度为2.60g/立方公分。X射线衍射分析结果表明，该绿泥石玉的物相为绿泥石。

Applying the theory of deformation partitioning to this area, the author discuss the relationship between deformation and porphyroblast growth, and get the conclusion of the sequence of deformation and metamorphism. At the first time we measure the distribution of chemical composition within the porphyroblast by XRF and confirm the theory of deformation partitioning quantitative.

利用宝音图群泥质变质岩中的存在大量变斑晶矿物，应用变形分解理论，讨论了变斑晶生长和变形关系，确定了变质变形演化序列，提出了变斑晶的生长相，并首次利用同步辐射XRF技术测定了变斑晶矿物的化学成分分布，主要是微区的微量元素成分分布，定量地证实了变斑晶矿物生长相的存在，进而讨论了与变形关系，并进行了变斑晶矿物不同生长相的温压计算。

By mineralogical analysis of Jidong magnetite concentrates what can be found is that: It is mainly composed of magnetite, concentrate grain is medium-coarse granular crystal texture, the most is subidiomorphic or xenomorphic, is chevron and granulated, surface of the concentrate is smooth, minority of concentrate has inclusion or intergrowth, grain inch normally is 0.05~0.16mm, there is incompletely cleavage in concentrate grain.

矿相分析表明：冀东磁铁精矿粉以磁铁矿为主，矿粉颗粒为中粗粒变晶结构，多为半自形或他形，呈尖棱碎粒状，其表面光洁平滑，少数有包裹体或连生体，粒径一般为0.05～0.16mm，矿粒存在不完全解理。

Grain boundary slidings happen in this alloy at the creep temperature of 200 ℃ and the deformation of this alloy is coordinated by intragranular slip and grain boundary sliding.

结果表明：在125~200 ℃蠕变温度下，当蠕变寿命接近100 h时，2024铝合金的蠕变应力随着温度的升高明显下降；与125 ℃相比，150 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降9.3%，在175 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降30.3%；当蠕变温度为200 ℃时，该合金的蠕变应力下降幅度达到45.8%；在125~175 ℃下，合金在蠕变过程中的变形机制主要为位错在晶内的滑移；在200℃时，合金晶界开始发生滑移，合金变形由晶界滑移与位错在晶内的滑移协调完成；在合金蠕变断面上存在大量微孔，随着蠕变温度的升高，微孔的尺寸明显变大，当微孔尺寸超过3 μm时，微孔对合金的断裂机制有显著影响；在125和150 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现韧窝型穿晶断裂特征；在175和200 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现沿晶断裂特征。

This occurs because movement di rections on shallowly dipping structures are related to graviational collapse of the thickened orogenic pile rather than push transmitted from the subducting pl ate to the overriding plate.

在斑状变晶边缘上形成的、近乎垂直的叶理在基质中的方位可能在较大范围内变动，因为它们会在稍早期间形成的叶理再活化作用影响下发生转动或遭到破坏。

It is clarified for the first time that the thermal fatigue failure of solder joint is actually a creep strain low cycle fatigue failure, and a physical model for creep fatigue crack propagation has been proposed. It was pointed out that creep strain increases in the high stress area ahead of the tip of thermal fatigue crack, results on one hand that the slide of crack tip increase, inactivation more serious and crack close length increases, the other hand, that intergranular crack exists, whose direction will affect the fatigue crack propagating.

本文首次阐明了焊点的热循环失效本质上是以焊点内循环蠕变为主要应变的低周疲劳失效，并在此基础上提出了蠕变疲劳裂纹扩展的物理模型，指出热循环裂纹前端的高应力区内，蠕变加剧，使裂纹前端滑移增加，裂纹钝化加剧，导致随后的裂纹闭合扩展长度增加；同时蠕变也使裂纹前端的高应力区出现晶间裂纹，蠕变沿晶裂纹对主裂纹扩展的影响取决于沿晶裂纹的连接方向。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。