变晶

The results showed that the TiN andN films are polycrystalline phase. The properties and structure of TiN films are mainly determined by the N2 mass flow rate, and as the N2 mass flow rate increases, the structure of the TiN films transforms to f.c.c. type leading to better the properties of films. The presence of negative bias voltage can optimize the grain of TiN films, lower the defect proportion and denser the films, which improves the hardness of films. The TiN films conform to the free carrier absorption mechanism and there are many of free electrons with lower N content in TiN films. With the increase of N content, the quantity of free electrons and reflectivity of films decrease, and the plasma frequence shifts to the lower energy, which leads to the regular change of colors of films from silver, yellowy, golden to yellow-red, meanwhile the lightness of films decreases. The goldenN film consists of TiN and ZrN phase, but belongs to a sigle f.c.c. structure with (111) preferred orientation. The Zr-doping dosen't change the position of the valance band, conduction band and forbidden band ofN film, but leads to the presence of new energy levels, which is the reason thatN film remains golden. The transparent hard films with good corrosion resistance and high hardness have been prepared and the further reseachs showed that the grain size of those films is by far smaller than the wave length and the width of forbidden band of those films is very broad, is the reasons that those films are transparent.

研究表明：氮化钛和N 薄膜为多晶态，氮流量决定了氮化钛薄膜的结构和性能，增加氮流量能使氮化钛薄膜的结构向面心立方结构转变，从而得到性能良好的氮化钛薄膜；施加负偏压能优化氮化钛晶粒和减少薄膜中的缺陷，使膜层变得更致密，从而提高薄膜硬度；氮化钛主要遵循自由载流子光吸收，氮含量较少时薄膜中的自由电子数目较多，随着氮含量的增加，薄膜中的自由电子数目不断减少，反射率逐渐降低，等离子体频率向低能端移动，从而使薄膜颜色出现规律变化，由金属色银白色到淡黄、金黄再到红黄，并且薄膜亮度呈下降趋势；金黄色的N 薄膜中存在TiN 和ZrN 的分离相，但其为单一的面心立方结构并具有(111)面择优取向；相对于TiN 薄膜，Zr 掺杂后，并没有使薄膜的导带、价带和禁带发生变化，只是在TiN 禁带内增加了新能级，这也正是掺杂Zr 后，薄膜仍

The experimental results are shown that the microstructure of QT600-3 by CO_2 laser quenching is Aphanitic Martensite+Graphite,and residual stresses are all compressive,which is above 120 MPa,they increase with laser power.

结果表明：经CO_2激光淬火后QT600-3的显微组织为隐晶马氏体+石墨，残余应力均为压应力，其值在120 MPa以上，且随着功率的增大而增加；相变层深度随着扫描速率和光斑直径的增加而减小，且随着功率的增大而增加；激光淬火后的材料组织结构比较均匀，有利于提高凸轮轴的使用寿命。

Point out as a result:the big perfoliate crack in the casting is disappeared after adding the Sr modification, but accompanying with the obvious increase of pinhole and shrink pine, theα(A1) dendritic crystal become more circinal and thin.

结果指出：加Sr变质后铸件中大的贯穿性裂纹消失，但是针孔、缩松明显增多，α枝晶变得比较圆整、细化。

The results suggested that compared with A-starch and maize starch, there are more quantities of impurities, such as protein, lipid and pentosan, in B-starch. B-starch prepared in the laboratory almost has the same compositions as three samplings, and accords with the reports of some documents too. Differing from the granules in A-starch, those in B-starch are smaller sized (1-10m)and oval shaped, and felted each other. The crystallogram of A- and B-starch are similar, i.e. A type. There is difference in granular distribution between A- and B-starch. The granular distribution of B-starch is anomalous and extensive (l~1259m).B-starch has bigger dilatancy and retrogradation, and smaller blue value, solubility, viscosity, gelatinization temperature and gelatinization enthalpy.

试验结果表明：跟玉米淀粉、A淀粉相比较，B淀粉含有的蛋白质、脂肪和戊聚糖等杂质数量多；实验室制备的小麦B淀粉中淀粉、粗蛋白、戊聚糖等含量均与文献的报道接近，也与在工厂采样的B淀粉相近；与A淀粉不同，B淀粉以小颗粒的淀粉为主，平均粒径1～10μm，颗粒形状呈椭圆形，同时颗粒和颗粒之间黏结紧密；B淀粉和A淀粉晶形结构相似，都为A型；B淀粉的粒度分布情况不同于A淀粉，其粒度分布规律性不强，分布范围也较宽，粒度在1～1259μm之间；B淀粉的凝沉值和膨润力大于A淀粉，而沉降体积、蓝值、溶解度、粘度、糊透光度、相变温度和热焓均小于A淀粉；杂质的含量对B淀粉性质的影响是明显的，随着杂质含量的增加，沉降体积、溶解度和透光度减小，膨润力增大，但是它们对凝沉值、蓝值和粘度的影响比较复杂。

Seven to ten percent attapulgite clay mixed with the eutectic salt, sodium sulfate decahydrate, will keep anhydrous crystals suspended in the solution where they will hydrate during phase change and hence contribute to the heat absorbed and released when Glaubers salt are used for heat storage.

七，百分之十凹凸棒石粘土混合的共晶盐，硫酸钠十，将继续暂停无水晶体中的解决方案，他们将在水合物相变，从而有助于吸收和释放热量时Glaubers盐用于蓄热。

Best.XRD and SEM analysis indicate effect of generated TiO_2 film smooth catalysis, adulteration does not change TiO_2 brilliant model, the film of TiO_2 smooth catalysis after modified is added thick, the decrescent of a narrow passage providing the only means of access to a certain place that small arc discharge forms, exterior accumulating increases.

生成的TiO_2薄膜光催化效果最好。XRD及SEM分析表明，掺杂不改变TiO_2晶型，改性后的TiO_2光催化薄膜增厚，微弧放电形成的孔道变小，表面积增加。

To clarify the interaction between wood primary components based on a molecular level, and to obtain the change information of bonding form between molecules in different soften or decrystallized wood, can not only provide theoretical basis for decrystallization, chemical improvement of wood and wood bending, but also can offer technical parameters for new approach and ways of wood processing and integrated utilize, at the same time can also enrich the wood rheology theory.

为了在分子水平上弄清楚木材主成分之间的相互作用关系，以及获得不同塑化处理后，木材在应变条件下内部分子结合形式的变化信息，不仅能为木材的非晶化、化学改性、弯曲部件成型等奠定理论基础，还能为木材加工、综合利用等开辟新的途径和方法提供技术参数，同时还能丰富木材流变学理论。

To clarify the interaction between wood primary components based on a molecular level, and to obtain the change information of bonding form between molecules in different soften or decrystallized wood, can not only provide theoretical basis for decrystallization, chemical improvement of wood and wood bending, but also can offer technical parameters for new approach and ways of wood processing and integrated utilize, at the same time can also enrich the wood rheology theory.

摘 要：为了在分子水平上弄清楚木材主成分之间的相互作用关系，以及获得不同塑化处理后，木材在应变条件下内部分子结合形式的变化信息，不仅能为木材的非晶化、化学改性、弯曲部件成型等奠定理论基础，还能为木材加工、综合利用等开辟新的途径和方法提供技术参数，同时还能丰富木材流变学理论。

The phase structural change withtemperature of solid helium is also studied using MD simulation at a givendensity 1.6g/cm3.Radial distribution functioncalculation demonstratesthat its second peak will disappear beginning in the region from 2000K to3040K,showing a solid-liquid transition or a decrystallization occurs.

文中进一步用分子动力学方法研究了在固定ρ＝1.60g/cm3下固氦相结构随温度的变化，发现其径向分布函数的第二个峰在2000K到3040K区间及其以后逐步消失，意味着此时发生了一次固-液相变或非晶化过程。

Results of the experiment show that, 1 proper semi-solid remelting temperatures of the alloy is in the range of 570℃-571℃; 2 in the condition of optimized reheating processing, the temperature deviation in a billet is O℃-1℃; 3 dendritical colonies of a phase in original billet changed into isolated grains with forms of nodules and granule, which may satisfy the need of semi-solid thixoforming forming in theory.

实验结果表明：1该合金合理的半固态二次重熔温度为570℃-571℃；2在优化的感应加热工艺条件下，半固态重熔坯料内部的温差在0℃-1℃；3半固态重熔过程使原始料坯中的α枝晶组织变成球团状和节杆状组织，满足了半固态触变成型的要求。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。