变晶

In addition, molecular orientation behaviors induced by shearing, electric field and magnetic field were investigated. The space group of the monomers A3EO7 and A9EO7 were determined as P2〓2〓2 and P112/m by means of electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Liquid crystalline properties of the monomer and the polymer were studied using DSC, variable X-ray diffraction, TEM and polarized optical microscope. Both monomers exhibit monotropic liquid crystalline behavior, and they also give a metastable phase on the cooling process. The polymer PA9EO7 shows enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. Thus the rigid polymer backbone is not a fatal defect that completely distorts the packing arrangement of the mesogenic moiety in the side chain liquid crystalline polyacetylene.

结合电子衍射倾转方法和粉末X射线衍射技术，确定了两个液晶小分子A3EO7和A9EO7的晶胞参数和空间群，采用Cerius〓模拟软件，运用分子模拟的方法给出了小分子在晶胞中的排列方式；利用DSC、变温X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了小分子和聚合物的液晶态，单体A3EO7和A9EO7表现出单向液晶性质，并且在降温过程中都表现出一个亚稳液晶相或亚稳结晶相，聚合物PA9EO7具有双向液晶性；采用偏光显微镜和X射线平板照相技术，研究了剪切和电场对聚合物分子取向的影响，在不同的液晶态，剪切作用对聚合物PA9EO7具有不同的诱导取向结果，直流电场可以诱导聚合物联苯液晶基元沿施加电场方向取向。

The coating exhibited a typical dendritic and equiaxed microstructure, and the grain size decreased with NbC content increasing.

当NbC的质量分数增加时，熔覆层的枝晶组织明显变细，主要以树枝状、等轴晶的形态存在。

The thermal shock resistance of the brick is expected to improve as a result of bigger bulk density, lower thermal expansion coefficient, phase transformation of fused MgO-ZrO2 eutectic powder, formation of magnesiaalumina spinel and forsterite.

材料性能的变化主要与电熔MgO-ZrO2共晶砂的体积密度大、热膨胀系数小、氧化锆的相变、镁铝尖晶石和镁橄榄石等物相的生成相关。

The microstructure of materials depends on not only the phase selection at the onset of solidification, but also on the following microstructural evolution. In the present paper, the near equal atomic percent Ti-Al peritectic alloys were selected.

许多重要工程材料的液固相变都包含有包晶反应，而扩散控制包晶转变的程度直接影响最终组织中各相的组成、形态和分布。

A phase-field model was built by optimizing characteristic parameters in the convec-tional phase-field model for peritectic transition, which is suitable to simulate microstructure evolution for peritectic transition of specific alloys.

通过对当前包晶相变相场模型特征参数的优化，建立了适合对具体合金包晶相变微观组织演化进行模拟的相场模型。

Consequently, they continued to grow and connected with each other to form the skeletal crystal for the porphyroblast.

本区石榴石、十字石等变斑晶的生长过程有多种形式，多数单晶不是一开始就环绕一个晶核不断增长，而是以多结晶中心聚集生长为特征。

Partially replaced by very fine symplectites of Amp + Pl ; e —Sample ZM651 , garnet porphyroblast with large amounts of inclusions

射电子图像； d —样品ZM641 ，绿辉石边部具有细粒的角闪石+斜长石后成合晶； e —样品ZM651 ，石榴石变斑晶核部

The many lattice twist and dislocations can be observed by the studies on high-resolution electron microscopy of solution-crystallized PEKK crystals. It is the lattice twist and dislocations within crystals that give rise to gradual branching and narrowing of spherulitic lamellae towards to tips of crystal growth and consequently, the characteristics of morphology and crystal structure of poly s can be posed in the molecular level.

通过其高分辨电子显微像的研究，直接观察到了组成晶体的点阵扭曲和位错，并揭示出由分子链的堆砌错误引起的点阵扭曲和位错是导致球晶晶片展现出连续的分叉并向着晶体的增长前沿逐渐变窄的直接原因，从分子水平上揭示了聚芳醚酮酮的结晶形态的特点。

As the twinborn shear department of {112}m is obstructed, slipping department {111}P of parent phase begin to work, rely on dislocation"s slipping, coordinate flaky martensite"s twinborn shearing and form dislocation inferior structure at M phase corresponding plane(contain the interface between parent phase and martensite phase).

在本实验电镜照片上可以观察到在片状马氏体亚结构同时存在相变孪晶和形变孪晶，当{112}_m孪生切变系受阻时，母相中滑移系{111}_p启动，依靠母相中的位错滑移协调片状马氏体的孪生切变。

When the undrawn films were annealed atthose temperatures, the morphologies in the lamellar crystals had change. WAXDand iR studies shown that the crystallinities incrcand, dimensions in (002) and(020) normals increased while that in (200) fold had slight decreases. The rela-tionship between the orientation of the drawn UHMWPE gel-films and the struc-ture changes and the optimum drawing temperature had been disscussed.

通过IR及X－ray衍射等方法研究发现，拉伸前用不同温度退火处理后，凝胶膜的片晶微结构产生明显变化，在对应于超高拉伸温度范围内，其结晶度增加，微晶的c和b轴方向尺寸变大，而a轴方向的尺寸减小，从理论上对这一变化过程作了考察，并讨论了超高拉伸取向性与这些结构变化的关系以及可超拉伸取向性的最佳温度范围。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。