变换点

Subline matching method based on binary system small wave transform is proposed, which expliots the character that the model maximum point of spline binary small wave transform coefficient at different scales can provide position information of signal's fast changing point. The matching scheme from thick to thin for point matching is adapted. Then, the point to point matching is calculated with the sequence consistent principle in each subline.

设计基于二进小波变换的子线段匹配方法，通过求解样条二进小波变换系数在不同尺度下的模极大点确定不同尺度下信号急速变化点位置，采用由粗到细的匹配策略匹配端点，再对端点之间的每一个子线段采用顺序一致的原则，进行点对点匹配。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

After the contradistinctive experiments for the detection of photoelectric image of PCB positioning circlular hole obtained in reality,the detection method proposed in this paper has obvious advantage in the aspects of increasing detection precision,reducing memory space and time.

对实际采集的PCB定位圆孔光电图像进行对比实验，在提高检测精度、降低内存空间、减少计算时间方面，该检测方法的优势明显。标签图像处理同心圆检测 Hough变换点组选取 image processing detection of concentric circles Hough transform point sets selection

For the diffractive optical element realizing beam shaping in the fractional Fourier transform domain,the transform matrix calculated by the discrete sampling points was compared with that calculated by the Fresnel integral,and the discretization error of the intensity distribution on the output plane was qualitatively obtained.

针对分数傅里叶变换衍射光学光束整形器件，比较了按离散点与按菲涅耳积分计算得到的变换矩阵间的差距，从中分析得出按离散点计算的变换矩阵引入的离散化误差与分数傅里叶变换系统参数的关系。

For reducing boundary distortion area, the elevations of grid DEM are viewed as a discrete sequence under a generalized coordinate, so that the boundary problem of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is turned into the boundary problem of one-dimensional discrete wavelet transform, which not only greatly reduces the boundary distortion area, improves the precision of reconstructed DEM data near the boundary, but also decreases the number of zeros adding on the boundary for wavelet transform, and boosts the compression ratio. On the basis of analyzing the distribution characteristics of coefficients in low and high frequency bands, a mixed entropy coding plan is applied, and a high efficient quantizator called"self-adaptive hard threshold"is established, which is helpful for improving the precision of the reconstructed DEM data and for enhancing compression ratio.

为了减小小波变换山区格网DEM数据压缩中边界失真区域，将山区格网DEM高程值视为广义坐标下的离散随机序列，把二维离散小波变换中的边界问题转换为一维离散小波变换中的边界问题，不仅大大减少了小波变换边界失真区域，提高了重构DEM数据边界点的精度，而且减少了边界补零个数，提高了压缩比；通过对山区格网DEM数据小波变换低频区和高频区变换系数分布特点的分析，采取了霍夫曼—游程混合熵编码方案，设计了高效、低失真的"自适应硬阈值"量化器，即对低频区变换系数不进行量化，直接进行霍夫曼编码；对高频区变换系数则先用"自适应硬阈值"方法量化处理，再进行游程编码。

According to if there exists a one to one mapping between the two point sets to be matched, PPM can be divided into the case of complete matching and the case of incomplete matching. According to transformation type between the two point sets, PPM can be divided into the affine (including Euclidean and similarity) case and the projective case.

点模式匹配问题，根据待匹配的两个点模式是否存在一一对应的匹配关系，可分为完全匹配情形和不完全匹配情形；根据两个点模式之间满足的几何变换关系，可分为仿射变换（包括相似变换和欧氏变换）情形和射影变换情形。

A method based on linear singularity analysis of image is presented. The improved method, called Directional Beamlet Transform is better than traditional Beamlet transform about directional information of image and has the ability of representing linear-singularity of image. According to the analysis of linear singularity, edge detection is transferred to detecting singularity point in the coefficient matrix of DBT.

针对基于图像像素点分析的边缘提取方法存在无法同时满足高抑噪性、连续性、定位性等问题，本文提出了方向Beamle 变换方法，在定义图像线奇异性的理论基础上，利用DBT 对图像进行线奇异性分析，依据Beamlet 变换具有的线段提取能力，将图像边缘检测问题转化为方向Beamlet 变换系数矩阵中奇异点的检测问题，以降低噪声点对边缘检测结果的影响。

At the same time, chaotic pseudo-random sequences generator based on nonlinear dynamic filter security model are constructed to select the frequency hopping points for NDFT, improving the overall system security. 3、Aiming at replay attack of networks in the remote speaker recognition systems and distributed databases speaker recognition systems, a time-stamp watermarking method is brought, which quantizes magnitude coefficients of NDFT. The time-stamp watermarking is embedded into the user's voice sample/voice characteristic information to resist on the replay attack.

同时该类算法采用以非线性动力学滤波器为基础的伪随机序列发生器构造跳频序列来选择频率变换点集合，有效提高了系统的安全性。3、针对远程说话人识别系统以及数据库分布式说话人识别系统存在易受网络重放攻击的缺陷，本文给出一种基于非均匀傅立叶变换的&时间戳&水印量化算法，通过把时间戳水印嵌入待识别用户的语音样本/语音特征信息中，可以有效解决此类缺陷。

Firstly, we study the theory and application of jump points and sharp cusp points detection by wavelet transform. The studied object is from white noise to correlated noise. We have studied the properties of correlated noise in wavelet transform, and the properties of deterministic function with jumps and sharp cusps in wavelet transform.

首先研究了研究了小波变换在突变点与尖点检测中的理论与应用，研究的对象由白噪到相关噪声，研究了相关噪声在小波变换的性质，以及对具有突变点和尖点的函数在小波变换下的性质，有关这些性质，我们均以定理形式给出，并给出了详细的证明。

We know that the ground topography and features of any description are available by the transformation point of the lines is reflected in the composition.

我们知道，地面上任何地貌和地物的描绘都可用其变换点所组成的线条反映出来。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。