变形的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

This saves the substantial cost of the motorized track, or the cost and nuisance of manually moving the anamorphic lens on a manual track.

两个型号都具有两种变形镜头运行模式，允许用户在无需导轨的情况下使用变形镜头。

That is to say, when the inclination angle of the localized deformed band is predicted to be , the localized deformed band cannot be observed in experiments.

即薄壁圆筒在扭转作用下局部变形带的倾斜角度为九十度时，不可能观察到局部变形带。

Incidentally,it is the first time that the grey incidence analysis method was used to research the influencing factors of settlement and collapsibility of loessal foundation at present.

本文应用灰色系统关联分析法对黄土压缩变形和湿陷变形进行因素分析的研究应是首次尝试。

For mainframe COLORMAN full-sized wheel system transformation cards and membership cards making machine, the business card printing and membership card making adopts pyramid, cylinder arranged into b-b-type, operation, and maintenance of convenient, but paper road is long, although the multistage tension control, but paper telescopic deformation and measurementunder is inevitable, inconvenience to overprinter.

差于不小型机COLORMAN残幅纸轮转制卡和会员卡制作机来说，制卡和会员卡制作局部拔取塔式布局，滚筒摆列为B-B型，操纵和爱护保重便当，但纸路较不幼，虽然拔取多级不不不抬力把持，但纸弛的伸缩变形及不拉伸变形不可制止，给套印带来便利。

Through contrasting and analysing the experimental results from these methods, the paper summarizes the regularity of collapsing deformation and the shear strength index changes with the degree of saturation and stress, describes the collapsing deformation properties and strength characters of the collapsible loess in the course of moistening and drying, and describes the influence to collapsing deformation of loess from different paths of stress. Through performing monaxial compression test on samples with different paths of inundation and direction of press, proves the conclusion that collapse has nothing to do with the path of inundation and the collapsible loess has the prominent anisotropy characters.

通过对几种方法得出的试验结果进行对比和分析，总结出黄土的湿陷变形和抗剪强度指标随饱和度以及压力变化的规律，借以描述湿陷性黄土在增湿过程中的湿陷变形性状、强度特性以及不同应力路径对黄土变形特性的影响；按不同的浸水路径和受力方向对土样进行单轴压缩试验，证明了湿陷与浸水路径无关的结论以及湿陷性黄土显著的各向异性特征。

The results show that the reduction of free height of steel 44Si2CrV spring under compressive stress 900 MPa consists of two parts: plastic deformation of surface decarburized zone to hinder elastically deformed internal material recovering, making up 84% of total reduction of free height and creep of steel at ambient temperature makin...

结果表明，44Si2CrV钢弹簧在900 MPa的应力下压缩72 h，自由高度的缩短由两部分组成：表面脱碳层的塑性变形，造成对内部材料的牵制而使部分弹性变形不能恢复，由此所造成的弹簧自由高度缩短占总变形量的84％；钢的室温蠕变，占自由高度缩短的16％。

On the basis of instantaneous forced analysis to short circuit of power transformer and numerical value calculation using low voltage impulse analysis, the paper presents the essentiality of winding distortion after short circuit of power transformer. By contrasting the three main ways of the world such as low-voltage impulse、 short circuit impedance analysis and frequency response analysis , FRA is adopted for distortion testing. Then we design a new testing instrument of transformer winding distortion—testing system of transformer winding distortion.

本文首先在对电力变压器短路时的瞬时受力分析及所受电磁力的有限元法的数值计算的基础上，论证了电力变压器短路以后进行绕组变形测试的必要性；然后通过比较的方法对目前国内外主要使用的三种方法：低压脉冲法、短路阻抗法和频率响应法，进行了一一对比，并根据对比结果，确定在本课题中使用频响法；最后在理论研究的基础上，设计出了一种新型的变压器绕组变形测试仪——电力变压器绕组变形测试系统。

Hurtle to press to belong to to material of cold process, the original material that use is all the plank material that has the good ductility generally, usually under the normal temperature, the material places among the molding tool, passing the output pressure function of punching machine or press machines under, make material press the shape occurrence su of the molding tool decision transform, get need of zero, parts, sometimes transform once and can't attain the request because of the material, also have the cent to hurtle to press for many times and transform gradually on the molding tool of dissimilarity, end attain to design the size request.

机械类的帮我翻译一下吧~谢谢了！冲压属对材料的冷加工，使用的原材料一般都是有良好的延展性的板材，通常在常温下，材料放置于模具间，通过冲床或压床产生的压力作用下，使材料按模具决定的形状发生塑性变形，得到所需的零、部件，有时因材料一次变形不能达到要求，也有分在不同的模具上多次冲压、逐步变形，最终达到设计尺寸要求。

The deforma-tion history and strain characteristic during deformation of material are describedby the flow line in which the deformation history and strain characteristic re-strain the crack initiation at stage II and the crack propagation at stage III.

材料的流变曲线描述了形变过程中的变形历史和应变特性，有明显的阶段性，其中第Ⅱ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的启裂过程，第Ⅲ阶段的变形历史和应变特性制约着裂纹的扩展过程。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。