变形的

The plastic deformation mechanism of the process is explained. The vector equations of the curved conical surface and the figure of the particle motion for the forming process of the bending tube are presented. The theoretical model of stress and strain fields of the forming process is deduced. The practical forming process of tubes of large diameter demonstrates the validity of the new type of design method of the ox-horned core bar and the computation formula of the length of the raw tube.

本文通过研究弯管成形瞬时应力、应变状态及演化过程，阐明了弯管成形过程受力变形特点及力学原理；提出了一种适合弯管变形分析的新单元及数值方法；建立了弯管成形过程应力、应变场&标准图象&；通过研究弯管成形过程金属流动规律及力学条件，阐明了本工艺塑性变形机理；建立了描述弯管成形过程的曲锥面向量方程及其质点运动学图象；推导了弯管成形过程应力、应变场理论模型；结合大口径弯管生产过程，验证了本文给出的新型牛角芯棒设计方法和管坯长度计算公式的正确性。

The shaping course of Fine blanking is very complex. Material forms a local plastic cutting area between punch and bottom die, and brings violent plastic flow under the effect of press stress. The grad of stress and strain is great, and it is an unstable transmutation process that came through an elastic distortion, plastic distortion and cut rupture.

精冲成形过程非常复杂，材料在狭窄的凸、凹模间隙附近形成了局部塑性剪切带，在压应力的作用下产生强烈的塑性流动，应力应变梯度很大，是一个经历弹性变形、塑性变形和剪切断裂的非稳态大变形过程。

By means of triaxial tests, uniaxial compressive tests of a prism and bending tests of a reinforced cement-soil beam, elastic and deformation modulus of cement soil are studied and the relationships between deformation modulus and compressive strength are obtained.

通过三轴试验、棱柱体单轴抗压试验及加筋水泥土梁的抗弯试验，研究了水泥土的弹性模量及变形模量，得到了变形模量与抗压强度之间的关系，并分析了试验方法对变形模量测试结果的影响。

Monitored on the spot, the deformation characters of these supporting constructions are studied. Campared the calculation translocatins with the monitored translocations, the thesis believes that the translocation can be calculated by the method of "m", when the supporting structures produce small information. The translocation can be calculated by the mothod of "rigid frusta" or "the experiential expressions of shanghai area", when the supporting structures such as cement-soil wall in soft soil area produce big information.

通过实测，研究了小直径双排桩、水泥土深搅桩、土钉墙、放坡开挖等支护类型的变形特性，并用实测位移值与不同位移计算方法得出的结果进行了比较，认为对变形较小的支护类型可以采用& m&法计算位移，而对于软土基坑中变形较大的支护结构重力墙不适宜采用&m&法，其计算可以采用和参照&刚性墩&法和&上海地区经验公式&法。

Two groups of field tests on original soil and the soil among piles ,three groups of field tests on single pile ,one-pile and three-pile composite foundation have been conducted and the results of the bearing capacity ,as well as the elastic modula of each pile and composite foundation are obtained.It can be seen that soft earth reinforced by cement-soil piles seem to have better appearance in bearing and deforming than original one.

通过桩间土、原状土各两组，单桩，单桩与多桩复合地基各三组的现场静载荷对比试验，获得了各自的容许承载力值，根据P-S曲线计算出的变形模量结果表明，地基经过粉喷处理后，地基力学性质和变形特性得到明显改善，土层的强度和变形模量明显提高。

Based on the preliminary study on LSF, this paper studied characteristics of laser shock forming in detail, analyzed primary factors which affect the deformation of sheet metal, measured distribution of residual stress in deformed sheet metal, and simulated the process of laser shock forming.

本文在激光冲击成形初步研究的基础上，系统研究了激光冲击下板料的变形特性、影响板料变形大小的主要因素、变形区残余应力的分布，最后利用有限元分析软件对激光冲击成形过程进行了模拟，对相关理论参数进行了修正。

According to the post-tensioning method in prestressed concrete members,the calculation method of prestress losses caused by the deformation anchorage device,slip of tendon and joint compression was big in the error and narrow in the scope of application.

针对后张法预应力混凝土构件中由锚具变形、预应力钢束回缩和接缝压缩等引起的预应力损失计算方法适用范围较窄和误差较大的缺点，基于变形协调条件，通过分段近似计算方法，建立了锚具变形、预应力钢束回缩和接缝压缩等引起的预应力损失计算公式，并与实际预应力混凝土T形截面简支梁的计算结果进行了比较。

The welding distortions of the main beam and side beam of expansion and contraction beam are predicted and analysed based on the welding distortion calculation method of relative shrinkage volume.

采用基于相对收缩体积的焊接变形理论计算方法，对伸缩缝梁的中梁和边梁结构的焊接变形分别进行了预测、分析，并对实梁的焊接变形量进行了测试。

The actual deformation observation instrument not only results in confused and false readings ,but also high cost , difficult hole sealing .

现行的变形观测装置不仅造成观测成果的混乱与假象，而且成本高、封孔困难，改进后的岩石抬动变形观测装置克服了现行变形观测装置的不足之处，提高了可操作性。

The thrust coefficients and propulsive efficiency of a two-dimensional flexible fin with heaving and pitching motion were computed using FLUENT. The effect of different locations of the pitching axis on propulsive performance was examined using three deflexion modes which are respectively, modified Bose mode, cantilever beam with uniformly distributed load and cantilever beam with non-uniformly distributed load.

利用FLUENT软件数值计算了二维柔性鳍作升沉纵摇运动时的推力系数及推进效率，探讨了修正Bose变形方程、均匀载荷和非均匀载荷悬臂梁变形方程等三种柔性模式下纵摇轴位置对摆动鳍推进性能的影响，其中纵摇轴在尾缘处能够获得更大的推力，而最高的推进效率分别对应修正Bose模式下纵摇轴距首缘1/3弦长处和悬臂梁柔性变形模型下纵摇轴距首缘2/3弦长处。

I can still vividly recall the impressive scenes you gave. You were among my friends and relatives who accompanied me from my house to the seaport and when the porters were slow to show up, you obligingly carried my suitcase for me.

你对我的种种感人情意，使我记忆犹新，那天你随着我的亲友从家里送我上轮船，搬运工迟迟不来，你毅然替我提着皮箱上船。

St. Nicholas became the patron saint of Russia, where he was famous for his red cape, flowing white beard, and bishop's mitre.

圣尼古拉成了俄罗斯人的守护神，在那里，他以身披红斗篷，留着飘逸的白胡须，戴着主教法冠而闻名。