变形的

It had been proved that the bulkiness of the differential shrinkage filaments air-jet textured yarn could be controlled effectually by the different filament or multi-filament linear density,as well as the air-jet texturing and differential shrinkage parameters.

结果显示，异收缩空气变形纱的膨松度可以通过选择单、复丝的线密度、空气变形加工和异收缩变形加工工艺参数的方法加以有效控制。

From the stress and crake figure of silts-wall, the deformation of shear walls was mainly bending deformation, which were similar to wall-columns.

从竖缝剪力墙的应力和裂缝分布图可以得出，剪力墙的变形主要是以弯曲变形为主，缝间墙的变形类似于壁柱。

However,the measured remaining distortion of airplane movable parts exceeds limit frequently,one important cause is that the state of these parts is not accord with requirement of design paper,such as being lesser degree of deflexion.

残余变形测量是飞机试飞中进行结构强度评定的一种传统而重要方法，通过对结构各测点实测值与设计允许值的比较，判别所测残余变形是否为危及飞行安全、有碍操纵等的有害永久变形[1-2]。

The surface displacement and deformation caused by the construction of double parallel tunnels is more complex than the single tunnel s.

城市中隧道常以双孔平行隧道的形式出现，而双孔平行隧道施工地表位移及变形比单孔的复杂，通常第二条隧道要滞后修建，所以当第二条隧道施工时，会对第一条隧道施工地表位移及变形产生影响，同时第二条隧道施工地表位移及变形也会受到第一条隧道的影响。

The effect of surface friction on the structure of front and frontogenesis is investigated by using the cloud model in which the large-scale deformation field is taken into consideration.

利用加入大尺度变形场作用的非静力模式，研究了地面摩擦对锋生和锋面结构的影响，在变形场锋生条件下，对不同模式格距、不同湍流参数化方案、不同变形场强度、考虑与不考虑地面摩擦等情形进行了比较，在考虑地面摩擦拖曳作用后得到了类似重力流结构的边界层锋面特征。

A hyperbolic sine relationship can satisfactorily correlate strain rate with flow stress by introducing an Arrhenius term which involves thermal activation parameters, i.

探求了Al-Sn-Si合金的高温变形流变特征及其软化机制，指出了Sn造成的晶间粘滞性流动的变形机制，建立了热变形稳态流变应力方程式。

Based on investigating the short and intermittent structural plane, surrounding rockmass of the huge underground powerhouse in Three Gorge has been divided into five statistical similar areas according to its characteristic of rockmass structure by applying structure plane network simulation. Distributed characteristic of structural plane has been studied and based on it mechanics macrocharacteristic has been studied:(1) It is the first time that based on the result of structural plane network simulation rockmass quality of every structure area has been studied with applying blurred information optimum seeking technique and be compared with and RQD method. The result indicated that it has better effect to evaluate rock quality with blurred information optimum seeking technique.(2) It is the first time that the interrelated relationship of the result of in-suit rockmass deformation test and fractal characteristic of structure on test point has been applied to determine rockmass deformation parameter. The question of evaluating deformation parameters of engineering rockmass has been solved.(3) Anisotropy strength parameters have been determined by applying shear zones simulating method. The result indicated that there are different strength parameters in every structural area, after comparing the result of Fast Lagranian Analysis in continua number simulation method with that of method of weighted mean according to continuity. The result indicated that when a suitable reduction coefficient is been considered rockmass strength parameters can be simply and fast determined with method of weighted mean according to continuity where there is not enough test result.(4) Damage characteristic has been studied based on analysis fractal characteristic of structural plane network by applying fractal-damage coupling method. It is the first time that the concept of damage degree has been set up to evaluate rockmass quality according to the biggest principal damage.

通过对短小、断续性结构面统计特征的研究，将地下厂房区划分为五个岩体结构统计均质区，应用结构面网络模拟技术研究了各个岩体结构均质区结构面的发育分布特征，并以此为基础对岩体宏观力学特性进行了深入研究：(1)首次通过在结构面网络模拟计算结果的基础上，应用模糊信息优化技术研究了厂房区各个岩体结构分区的岩体质量并与岩体基本质量指标研究法、岩体质量指标RQD值研究法作了对比，结果表明以结构面网络模拟结果为基础，应用模糊信息优化技术进行岩体质量评价能够取得很好的效果，解决了工程岩体质量的定量评价问题；(2)首次通过对已有的现场大型岩体变形试验结果的分析及相应试验点岩体结构分形特征的研究，建立了结构面分布的分形维数和岩体变形指标间的相关关系，并首次应用这种相关关系根据结构面网络模拟及分形维数计算结果确定了缺少试验结果的地下厂房各工程部位的岩体变形指标而且应用于围岩稳定性计算，解决了工程岩体宏观变形参数的评价问题；(3)应用在结构面模拟网络图上模拟岩体剪切破坏带的方法，得出了岩体在不同方向上的强度参数，结果表明岩体的强度特性与结构面的发育方向和程度有着明显的关系，各个岩体结构均质区具有不同的强度参数；同时还通过应用拉格朗日差分法对岩体强度指标的数值分析并与按连通率加权平均计算法对比表明，按连通率加权平均计算法在考虑合理的折减系数情况下，可以简单快速地对缺少现场大型试验结果的具体工程部位实现岩体强度指标的估计，通过以上研究解决了工程岩体抗剪强度参数的评价问题；(4)通过结构面网络分形维数的研究，应用分形损伤耦合分析方法，研究了厂房区岩体的损伤特征，并首次引入"损伤度"的概念，建立了应用最大主损伤评价岩体质量的指标体系。

At this moment,that the change of neutral plane position plays a main role in the course of interface bonding,the grain refinement degree heightens whenεincreases. When e is higher than 4.8,the copper with big grains is made up of two kinds of structure regions in the course of deforming,namely fine sub-grains region and high density dislocation region.

此时，异步叠轧中性面位置的改变对界面的复合起到主要作用，变形等效应变的增大使晶粒细化程度变大；变形等效应变ε≥4.8时，粗晶铜在变形过程中有两种组织区域组成，分别为细小亚晶区和高密度位错区。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

In addition, the blank holding force that is required to avoid wrinkle and rupture during conical part deep drawing is researched. The necessity of reasonable blank holding force in pressing is expounded. From the view of mechanical analysis, the wrinkle critical condition of side-wall is derived for the first time by the stress state of side-wall, the main deformation region on blank. According to the critical condition of plastic instability for flange, side--wall, corner of punch on blank, The blank holding force in conical part deep drawing is divided into four different regions within its forming figure. The basic principle of reasonable blank holding force during stamping is summarized and provided. The mathematical model of reasonable blank holding force that avoids the wrinkle and rupture is established and verified by the finite element numerical simulation and the grid experiment method. The result shows that it is accurate and reliable.

此外，本文还研究了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中，随着拉深变形过程的进行，毛坯为避免产生起皱、破坏缺陷而对压边力的需求情况，阐明了圆锥形件拉深成形过程中压边力合理变化的必要性；由毛坯主要变形区悬空锥壁部分的受力变形情况，从力学分析的角度，首次推导得出了圆锥形零件悬空锥壁起皱失稳的临界条件；并根据主要变形区法兰、悬空锥壁及凸模圆角部分的塑性失稳临界条件，在其成形范围图中，将圆锥形件成形过程中的压边力划分为四个区域；总结并提出了圆锥形件成形过程中压边力合理变化的基本原则；建立了防止起皱、破坏缺陷产生的压边力合理变化的数学模式，并得到了有限元数值模拟及网格实验法的验证，证实了理论分析结果的正确性和可靠性。

I can still vividly recall the impressive scenes you gave. You were among my friends and relatives who accompanied me from my house to the seaport and when the porters were slow to show up, you obligingly carried my suitcase for me.

你对我的种种感人情意，使我记忆犹新，那天你随着我的亲友从家里送我上轮船，搬运工迟迟不来，你毅然替我提着皮箱上船。

St. Nicholas became the patron saint of Russia, where he was famous for his red cape, flowing white beard, and bishop's mitre.

圣尼古拉成了俄罗斯人的守护神，在那里，他以身披红斗篷，留着飘逸的白胡须，戴着主教法冠而闻名。