变形的

In this paper we combining connecting tunnel project of Subway Line 4 at Xidan-lingjing bystreet in Beijing. To aim at the difficulties of building large-span connecting tunnels in the fine sand layer, through roads and underground pipelines, construction nearby buildings and other project difficulties. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests and other research methods to comprehensive and systemic research the stratum deformation mechanism and process control techniques of shallow excavation method, and a series of results were obtained. Firstly, use the stochastic media theory to analyze the stratum deformation mechanism, concretely analyze the analytic equation of surface horizontal displacement and deformation which were caused by the excavation of single-hole and double-hole tunnel, and further discussion on ground settlement, vertical deformation, surface horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation. Analyzing the main influence factors of surface displacement, and combined with practical work to proof the theory which was applied to shallow buried single-hole tunnel in fine sand layer was scientific.

本文结合北京地铁四号线西单～灵境胡同渡线隧道工程，针对在粉细砂地层中修建大跨渡线隧道，下穿道路和地下管线，临近建筑物施工等工程难点，利用理论分析、数值模拟、和现场监测等多种研究手段，对浅埋暗挖隧道地层变位机理及控制技术，深入地进行全面和系统的研究，并取得以下成果：(1)引入随机介质理论，对地层变位机理进行了分析，具体分析了单、双孔隧道开挖引起的地表位移及变形的解析方程，并深入探讨了地表沉降、垂直变形、地表水平位移和水平变形的特点，同时分析了影响地表位移的主要因素，并结合工程实例，佐证该理论应用于粉细砂地层浅埋暗挖单孔地铁隧道的科学性。

For deformation monitoring in dam, simultaneously survey must be taken to physical quantity as well as the distortion value, then functional relation between them can be established by means of statistical regression analysis method that is called regression analysis method.

对大坝进行变形监测，必须同时测量产生变形的各种物理量以及变形的结果，结合统计回归分析的方法建立两者之间的函数关系，这就叫做回归分析方法。

Wavelet Analysis Theory has superiority of multi-scale, multirang, flixility and movably,it is valid and important to look on WAT as a mathematic tool to analyze the data of GPS deformation observation.

动态监测所得到的观测序列是一种多频谱的混合波，由于影响波的存在很难反映变形的实际情况，根据小波分析理论多尺度、多分辨率和时-频局部化特性，应用于GPS变形监测数据处理和变形分析。

In view of the complex nature of distortion problem, a method combining finite element simulation with experiment and theoretical analysis is adopted in this dissertation. Then, the distortion prediction method and distortion law of monolithic component are researched deeply and widely.

本文在阐述航空整体结构件国内外加工研究现状、产生变形原因的基础上，采用实验研究、理论建模和有限元模拟分析相结合的方法，对钛合金航空整体结构件铣削加工变形的预测方法和加工变形规律进行了深入、系统的研究。

This paper summarizes various structural models, structural belts, Cenozoic deformation frameworks and tectonic evolution concerning intraplate deformation in the West Kunlun - Pamir Cenozoic erogenic belt and Southwest Tarim foreland basin and suggests that the Cenozoic intraplate deformation be characterized by segmentation and stage evolution.

笔者总结了西昆仑—帕米尔造山带及塔西南前陆盆地板内变形的各类构造模式、构造分带、新生代变形格局及构造演化，提出其新生代板内变形具有弧形构造分段性和阶段性演化的特点，发现了依格孜牙、柯克亚、桑株—杜瓦、卡兹克—阿尔特薄皮弧形推覆构造、齐姆根主弧形构造段及玉力群—克里阳构造段的三角带构造及叶尔羌—棋盘对冲过渡型弧形构造。

In the result, the a critical value of the segment sectional deformation and minimum formable radial radius of curvature with maintaining the suitable sectional bending rigidity of each segment were , respectively, determined under the forming present process conditions investigated.

最后，通过对变形过程的研究，各段变形的临界值和保证弯管各段有适当的弯曲强度的最小变形曲率半径被分别确定。

Amphibole, an important product during retrogression of UHP eclogite to amphibolite, exhibits few brittle deformation features, and does not show any intragranular microstructures indicative of crystal deformation such as undulose extinction, deformation lamellae, subgrain boundary and bulging.

角闪石是超高压榴辉岩退变质过程的产物，在光学显微镜下没有明显的脆性破裂变形，也不显示任何指示晶体塑性变形的晶粒内部显微构造，例如不均匀消光、变形叶理、亚颗粒边界和凸出褶皱等。

Because of the influence of end restraint, the integral measurement of unsaturated and compacted soil specimen overrates the specimen strength and underrates the deformation compared to the real situation; hence the test data cannot stand for the real strength and deformation property of unsaturated and compacted soil.

由于受到端部约束的影响，测量非饱和压实土试样整体变形的试验结果相对真实情况而言强度被提高，变形能力被降低，由此获得的试验数据不能够真实地反映非饱和土的强度和变形性质。

Presently, the control of subgrade deformation is carried out by enactiving the allowable value to avoiding or minishing its effects in design stage.

目前对地基变形作用的控制主要是在设计阶段通过设定地基变形的允许值来避免或减小地基变形的作用。

The results show that the flow stress increases with the increase of the strain rate, and decreases with the increase of the deforming temperature. The saw tooth fluctuation of the flow stress at higher strain rates and lower temperatures indicates the discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. The flow stress of the aluminum alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by using Zener-Hollomon parameter including Arrhenius item, and the deformation activation energy is 176.54 kJ/mol.

研究结果表明：流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大，随变形温度的升高而降低，在高应变速率和较低温度条件下，应力出现据齿波动，呈不连续再结晶特征；该铝合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述，其变形激活能为176.54 kJ/mol。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。