变形

In considering the bearing and fit with clearance, the material should be noted that at high temperature to become soft and easy to deformation characteristics, as well as many high temperature from ambient temperature to the temperature change caused by the possibility of permanent deformation must.

在考虑轴承的配合过盈量和游隙时，要注意到材料在高温下变得松软而容易变形的特点，以及多次由常温到高温的温度改变引起一定永久变形的可能性。

The study on the stress-strain relationship of coarse-grained soils become important, especially the characteristics of deformation and strength in the static and dynamic load process.

为了适应土工建筑物应力和变形分析的需要，粗粒土的应力～应变关系成为岩土力学研究的重点内容之一，特别是复杂应力状态下的静、动力变形强度特性已成为学术界和工程界十分关心的一个重要课题。

In this project, the selection criteria of matrix and reinforcement for obtaining composites with high strength and toughness are determined. The as-cast and aged microstructures of composites reinforced with particles of different strength are observed, and their metallurgical conditions and stabilization mechanisms are analyzed. The aging precipitation behaviors and mechanisms are studied. Some characteristics of nano-materials (micro-distortion areas) are found in 150nm- Al2O3p/Al composites and their formation mechanisms are expatiated. The "flexible" restriction to the deformation of the matrix by low strength AlN particle is observed by in-situ TEM and SEM techniques, and the mechanisms of its resist on cracks propagation and its contribution to composite strength are revealed. The high temperature deformation behaviors of Al2O3p/Al composites are studied. A rare-earth coating is established on sub-micron Al2O3 particles, leading to an improvement in wettability between coated Al2O3 and liquid aluminum and a decrease in infiltration pressure. The strength and ductility of coated particles reinforced composite are also increased. The interfacial characteristics, bonding structures and their formation mechanisms are studied, and the crystal orientation relationships between reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are investigated. Finally a lighter composite with better balance of strength and damping properties is reinforced with hollow ceramic microballoons of ultra-lower strength.

本项目发现了获得高强度和高韧性复合材料的基体、增强体选择依据；观察了各种强度质点增强复合材料的铸态和时效态微观组织，分析其微观结构形成的金属学条件及稳定性机理，研究了其时效析出规律和时效机制，发现了150nmAl2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料基体中的纳米材料特征，并解释了其形成机理；利用TEM和SEM动态拉伸技术发现了低强度质点AlN颗粒对变形协调的&柔性强化&机制，揭示了其对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用和对复合材料高强度的贡献；研究了中强度质点的Al2O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的高温变形行为，并对其进行了稀土界面层设计与制备，改善了颗粒与铝合金之间的界面润湿性，降低了复合材料铸造渗透压力，提高了复合材料的强、韧性；研究了多种复合材料界面结构及形成机理，确定了增强体与基体之间的界面结合机制，分析了复合材料界面处的晶体学位向关系；最后制备了含微孔的中空型陶瓷颗粒增强的特种复合材料，得到了强度和阻尼综合性能较好的轻质复合材料。

Microstructure observation shows that crystals of copper and steel are in contact directly and the interface is rugged in micro-area at the interface as well, which contributes to good bonding between copper layer and steel core wire.

经金相组织观察，铜、钢晶粒在界面处直接接触，界面呈极细微的凹凸不平的状态，经冷轧后，铜、钢晶粒在界面处互相咬合，且铜与钢的变形随着变形量的增大而趋于均匀。

The entrance section of FuXi Double-arched Tunnel is modeled in the fact of factual shallow buried and unsymmetrical pressure condition. Adopting the three heading construction method to simulate twelve kinds of construction projects, confirm reasonable construction orders and left and right tunnel face interval, systematically analyze and research the changing law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in soft and cracked condition of surrounding rock,bring forward pertinent advices against construction disease; Build the deep buried tunnel model in middle section of tunnel , separately adopt the central heading bench cut benching method and the central heading full cross method to simulate ten kinds of construction projects, establish the reasonable construction orders, sidestep length and tunnel face interval, which are due to the deep buried tunnel, systematically analyze and research the change law of the tunnel deformation and surrounding rock stress in the section with good surrounding rock condition, bring forward the reasonable construction projects which can make sure of construction safety and save construction time; Because the central wall is disturbed many times during constructing process, its displacement and stress distribution is very complex.

富溪隧道进口段依照实际的浅埋偏压状况建立模型，采用三导洞法开挖模拟了12种方案，确定了合理的施工顺序和左右主洞掌子面错距，系统地分析研究了软弱破碎围岩浅埋偏压段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了防止施工病害的针对性建议；洞身段按深埋隧道建立模型，分别采用中导洞台阶法和中导洞全断面法模拟了10种方案，确立了适合深埋隧道的合理施工顺序、台阶长度和掌子面错距，系统分析研究了围岩较好深埋段施工的隧道变形和围岩应力变化规律，提出了兼顾施工安全和节省工期的合理施工方案；由于受到多次扰动，中隔墙的位移和应力变化规律较为复杂，通过对各种方案的对比分析，得出了中隔墙在施工不同阶段的位移变化规律、应力变化规律和应力分布规律，尤其对于浅埋偏压段隧道施工时中隔墙位移和应力变化规律做了深入研究，提出了合理的施工建议。

The calculation mechanics model is used for the curtain wall decussate rope net structure, including m horizontal ropes and n vertical ropes. The balance and displacement equations, alse the potential energy and kinetic energy equations, are constituted for the points with distributive loads and tensile force after the rope net distortion. Using the theory of finite analysis method, these groups of the n horizontal ropes' 2m+5 and m vertical ropes' 2n+5 equations are founded and the numerical solution is calculated.

建立幕墙由m根横向索、n根竖向索组成的正交索网结构的计算力学模型，在网点分配荷载及预张力作用下，列出钢索变形后的平衡方程、位移方程和弹性变形位能与外力作功方程，用有限分析方法将竖向索包含n个由2m+5变元组成的非线性方程组，将横向索包含m个由2n+5变元组成的非线性方程组寻求数值解。

Considering effect of pile group and non-linear deflection,the internal force and deflection calculated by this method agrees better with data from practice than that of model of hypothetic fixed point.

与假想嵌固点法计算结果比较可知，地基系数折减法考虑了桩的非线性变形与群桩效应，其内力与变形与工程实际更吻合。

Based on curve fitting,deformation observation data is processed and deformation tendency function is made out.

文章以曲线拟合为基础，对变形观测数据进行分析处理，求解出变形趋势函数。

The curve of sunshine deformation and frequency chart of kinematic deformation has important direction meaning on high-rise building construction.

建筑物的日照变形曲线和动态变形频谱图对高层及超高层建筑的施工有重要的指导意义。

Furthermore, according to the simulated results, the deformation behavior of laser curve bending process is explained theoretically from the thermo-mechanics point of view.

一般来说，激光成形是小应变小变形区成形，材料因变形而产生的内热可以忽略不计

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。