变形

The main research work and its results are: 1Empirical results are analysed for the relations of fault displacement and earthquake magnitude, and difference between permanent ground deformation and maxium dynamic relative displacement on the two sides of fault; 2An analytic method is proposed for resopnse of a buried pipeline due to earthquake fault movement; 3A new shell model with an equivalent boundary and relted finite element analysis method are proposed for estimating response of a buried pipeline under large fault movement; 4By the proposed method, damage performance of water supply steel pipelines with large diameter is simulated to the real cases in Kocaeli Earthquake and Ji-Ji Earthquake, and simulating results show the real failure mode of pipes is revealed; 5Effects of overlying soil and soft/hard interlayers are analyzed on ground rupture mode and degree due to earthquake fault, and some earthquake rupture phenomena in soil layers are theoretically described for the first time; 6Pipeline response characters are discussed for the case of considering effects of soil layers on ground rupture mode; 7Research results and proposed method are applied in seismic analysis of pipline acrossing fault in the Gas Tansportation Project from West to East in China.

主要工作和成果包括：1）分析了不同断层位错形式下地表破裂位错量与震级之间的经验关系，并基于集集地震近断层记录分析了断层两侧永久地面变形和地震动相对位移幅值之间的差别，为合理地考虑地震断层位错地面变形动态影响提供了依据；2）发展了断层位错地面大变形下管线反应分析模型并给出物理概念明确、简单实用的解析分析方法；3）建立了断层位错下埋地管线反应分析的等效边界壳模型有限元方法，方法中引入了以非线性弹簧形式模拟离断层较远处管段影响的等效边界，简化了计算模型并突出了近断层处管体反应；4）利用等效边界壳模型方法，对土耳其地震和集集地震中大口径埋地管线震害进行了模拟，结果表明所提方法可以更清地解释震害所表现的管体破坏特征；5）研究了覆盖土层和软硬夹层的存在对断层位错地面破裂形式和程度的影响，首次从理论上解释了某些地震地表破裂现象；6）探讨了考虑土层对断层位错地面变形影响的管体反应特征；7）本项目成果已在西气东输工程的管道跨断层抗震问题分析中得到了应用。

On the basis of the data obtained from Cam Plastometer,an RBF neural network prediction model is established by Matlab neural network toolbox,which corresponds with the relationship between flow stress and chemistry elements,temperature,deformation strain and strain rate of carbon steel.

以凸轮式高速形变试验机得到的实验数据为基础，利用Matlab人工神经网络工具箱，建立了碳钢的变形抗力与其化学成分、变形温度、变形程度及变形速度对应关系的RBF神经网络预测模型。

On the basis of the data obtained from the cam-type plastometer, four prediction models including the BP, Elman, RBF and GRNN neural network prediction models were established, which corresponded to the relationship between the deformation stress of nickel-chrome steel with chemistry elements, temperature, strain rate and deformation strain of the steel respectively. A comparative analysis for the prediction accuracy of the four models was obtained.

以凸轮式高速形变试验机进行的热模拟压缩实验得到的实验数据为基础，建立了热轧铬镍钢的变形阻力与其化学成分、变形温度、变形速度及变形程度对应关系的BP、Elman、RBF和GRNN 4种神经网络预测模型；并对4种网络的训练过程和预测精度进行比较分析。

Through a plenty of data of compressal tests with a lot of samples which are different in moisture content and voids ratio , the relation between pressure,moisture content, cavity ratio and pressural modulus is disclosed in the paper,a table that is suitable for xian district is also made based on the data .

增湿变形是在压力作用下变形达到稳定后由于含水量增大而产生的附加变形，黄土地基可因水管漏水、建筑物排水不畅、地下水位上升等原因引起地基土的增湿，计算增湿变形的关键是研究土体含水量变化后引起的模量变化。

It is believed that wear is causedby protuberant deformation at middle of the segments and that thermal deformation is the main factorto cause deformation of the segments.

推力瓦的热变形主要是由三个分量组成：瓦体与瓦面线胀系数不同引起的热变形，瓦厚度方向温差引起的热变形和瓦面热变形。

This paper discusses the yield function, loading unloading criterion and constitutive equation of Lagrangian finite deformation elastic-plasticity theory. Finally, Lagrangian finite elastic plasticity theory is used on constitutive models of elastic-plasticity at infinitesimal strain, and the complete constitutive relation for singular yield surface theory is obtained.

本文讨论了Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论的屈服函数、加卸载准则、本构方程等，最终将Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论应用于小变形情况下的奇异屈服面弹塑性模型，得出了完整的Lagrange型有限变形弹塑性本构理论。

5The failure strains of cement-soil are calculated, and initial tangent modulusand average deformation modulus of cement-soil with same cement mixing content arecalculated. Then fit them with strength. The relation between ultimate deformationmodulus and strength, cement-soil of same curing period, is fitted too. The conclusionis that deformation modulus of cement-soil with some stock-still time are close to thesewhich compacted without stock-still time.

5计算分析了水泥土的破坏应变；计算了相同水泥掺入比水泥土的初始切线模量和平均变形模量，将它们与抗压强度的关系进行拟合，将同龄期水泥土的极限变形模量与抗压强度进行拟合，结果表明，一定静置时间的水泥土的变形模量与t=0h的水泥土的变形模量相差不大。

Large numbers of test data which is systemic, credible, exact and detailed was acquired during the processing of these two scientific research item and settlement value and theoretical analysis on trial section was done together with the test and research on the site. The connection between the rule of settlement in the transition zone and the parameter such as groundsill, transmogrification modulus, material and density was studied based on comparing true settlement value in trial section with settlement value of theoretical calculation by frame analysis software. And it will help the farther research on design and construction about road-bridge transition zone.

同时在两个科研项目开展过程中，取得了大量系统、详实、可靠的试验数据，并结合现场试验研究工作，在室内开展了深入细致的过渡段沉降变形数值计算和理论分析研究，运用有限元分析软件，对过渡段的沉降变形进行了仿真数值模拟计算，与现场实测数据进行了对比分析，全面考察了过渡段地基土层与变形模量、路堤填料与压实密度等参数对过渡段沉降变形的影响规律，为进一步研究路桥过渡段的设计和施工可以提供借鉴。

A non-consumable rotating tool with a truncated cone pin was used in the friction stir processing.

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)在玻璃转变温度以下塑性变形能力较差，在过冷液相区内具有极好的塑性变形能力，变形抗力低且比较稳定，变形量大。

Based on the WM-model, the various stages of SPIF process was studied and the forming characters have been realized. Based on the SM-model of the truncated cone, the blank thickness element was sub-meshed into three levels. And through the forming simulation of the process, access to the plate stress and strain of the different regions in forming, and proposed the establishment of a sub-regional mechanism to explain the incremental forming, that is, in different regions, sheet deformation is different. In the main region which reflects the major character of SPIF, the deformation pattern is the composition of bending and extrusion.

基于完整有限元分析模型对渐进成形过程的各阶段进行分析，从而全面认识渐进成形的特点；基于方锥台件局部有限元分析模型，并将板材厚度方向的单元细分为三层，通过成形过程仿真，获取成形中，板材不同区域的应力、应变情况，提出并建立分区域的渐进成形机理解释，即，在不同区域，板材的变形方式是不同的，其中，对体现渐进成形主要特点的方锥台件和圆锥台件的侧壁充分变形区域，其变形方式是拉伸-弯曲复合变形。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。