变形

Lightweight steel frame structure; structural ultimate bearing capacity; second order nonelastic analysis; shearing deformation; lateral-torsional deformation; warping deformation; joint semi- rigidity connection; neural network BP; Genetic Algorithm arithmetic

轻型钢框架结构；结构极限承载力；二阶非弹性分析；剪切变形；侧扭变形；翘曲变形；节点半刚性；神经网络BP算法；遗传算法

The main contents of this dissertation are as follows:1 A station orthogonal coordinate system, which is the reference coordinate system for the three-dimension adjustment of observation data of GPS dam deformation monitoring network, has been put forward.

主要包括内容以下：(1)提出了以站心地平坐标系作为GPS大坝三维变形监测网平差的参考坐标系，推导了在该坐标系下GPS大坝三维变形监测网平差的数学模型及公式；采用拟稳平差的方法对GPS大坝三维变形监测网观测数据进行处理。

The research results imply that the regional tectonic stress field has resulted in deformation and flow of upper mantle material with clockwise rotation,and make the alignment of upper mantle peridotite lattice parallel to the direction of material deformation. The deformation of the crust and upper mantle is possibly vertically coherent deformation.

研究表明青藏高原东北缘上地幔物质在区域构造应力场的作用下，发生了顺时针旋转的形变以至流动，使得上地幔中橄榄岩的晶格排列方向平行于物质形变或流动方向，上地幔变形和上覆地壳变形可能存在垂直连贯变形特征。

The Brenner potential based MD simulations are performed to study the compression and detaching between the 47°, 69° and 93° carbon nano-cones and one rigid plane , and the configuration, energy and external-loading evolvement during the compression and detaching are obtained.

采用Brenner势的分子动力学方法，模拟了47°、69°及93°锥度碳纳米锥与刚体平面压缩、分离的全过程；获得了三种碳纳米锥与刚体平面作用过程中的构形演变、能量-变形曲线以及力-变形曲线；根据模拟结果，分析了它们承载能力以及变形能力的差异。

The temperature control system of reflective plane mirror is researched and completed. It is the first time to complete the close loop correction experiment of reflective plane mirror thermal distortion by means of adaptive optics in our country.

设计完成了平面反射镜温度变形的自适应光学闭环校正实验系统，研制完成了平面反射镜温度变形的可控加温系统，在国内首次完成了平面反射镜温度变形的自适应光学闭环校正实验。

In addition, the coefficient k of power law, the exponent m of sensitivity of strain rate and the energy Q of plastic deformation were derived based on the experimental results and theoretical analyses.

根据试验结果，推算出了半固态LY12在不同变形温度及应变速率下的幂函数系数k、应变速率敏感性指数m及变形激活能Q的值，从而获得了半固态LY12合金变形力学行为的定量描述。

In view of the complex nature of distortion problem, a method combining finite element simulation with experiment and theoretical analysis is adopted in this dissertation. Then, the distortion prediction method and distortion law of monolithic component are researched deeply and widely.

本文在阐述航空整体结构件国内外加工研究现状、产生变形原因的基础上，采用实验研究、理论建模和有限元模拟分析相结合的方法，对钛合金航空整体结构件铣削加工变形的预测方法和加工变形规律进行了深入、系统的研究。

The main achievements could be summarized as follows.1. The basic stress-strain characteristics and related physical mechanisms for sands under cyclic rotation of principal stress axes were investigated based on three kinds of drained tests including fixed principal stress axes, cyclic rotation of principal stress axes with magnitudes of principal stresses kept constant, and cyclic changes of principal stresses in both their axes and magnitudes. The main deformation behavior of sands with inherent anisotropy under cyclic rotation of principal stress axes with magnitudes of principal stresses kept constant was obtained in the following.

本文从试验研究、规律分析、数学建模和工程应用四个方面，对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性进行了较为深入的研究，取得了如下主要研究成果：(1)基于对饱和砂土进行的主轴固定单调剪切、纯应力主轴循环旋转以及主应力幅值与应力主轴耦合循环变化的三类完全排水试验成果，分析和揭示了应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的基本变形规律，并探讨了其受力变形的内在机理。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

The paper puts forth that the numerical model of actual forming part is reconstructed by RE and the surface is regarded as actual trimmed surface, then grids and nodes mapping relationship between design model and actual forming part is acquired through compelling deformation simulation, and the design trimming line is dispersed into points according to a certain precision and the projective points and the coordinate values of the intersection points of projective line on the grids formed by discrete points are calculated along trimming direction, the new coordinate values of projective points and intersection points of projective line after deformation are calculated based on the mapping relationship of grids and nodes, the deformed trimming line can be acquired through fitting the points into curve.

本文提出通过逆向工程技术重构出实际冲压件的型面并以此型面为修边后实际冲压件的型面，然后采用强制变形仿真的方法建立设计模型和实际冲压件重构模型的网格和节点映射关系。将设计修边线按一定精度离散成点，然后根据修边方向计算出各点在网格上形成的投影点和投影线交点，根据之前计算出来的网格和节点映射关系就可以计算出投影点和投影线交点在变形后的新坐标，将其拟合成曲线就可以得到变形后修边线的形状。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。