变异系数

Its results showed that ratio of length to width of petal and sepal and the degree of flat of achene within population were characterized as the most stable characters and gradually increased with the increase of latitude.

结果表明，居群内，瘦果扁平度、花瓣长宽比、萼片长宽比变异最为稳定，居群间，这3个繁殖器官的相对性状呈现随着纬度的增加逐渐增大的趋势，并且随纬度的增加，核型不对称系数呈现不断增加而染色体总长不断减小的趋势。

The range of Simple match coefficient was from 0.5877 to 0.9868 and the range of average was from 0.6732 to 0.7653,with the total average of 0.7237.The result indicated that the soybean population was with lower genetic variation.

品种间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.5877～0.9868，平均值变化范围为0.6732～0.7653，总体平均值为0.7237，遗传相似系数较高，说明材料间遗传变异较小。

Hierarchical linear modeling is the most frequently used technique for analyzing multilevel data. In this paper, the twelve key issues in multilevel research and/or using HLM software were reviewed, and provided their exact meanings and feasible solutions. The 12 key issues included intraclass correlation coefficient, sample sizes, formation of organizational constructs, centering problems, fixed effect and random effect, estimation methods, goodness of fit index, explained variation, multicollinearity, robust standard error, level one variance equation, and empirical Bayes estimates.

本文针对阶层线性模式在多层次研究上有关於技术、测量与方法论所遭遇的问题，进行文献整理并讨论其实务意涵，并依据使用时机、抽样议题、资料汇总、分析方法、与模式评估与估算等五方面整理出十二项重要议题与解决之道，包括：组内相关系数的意义与判断准则、多层次研究各层的样本数问题、变数聚合成组织层次问题、中心化的意义、固定效果与随机效果的设定、估计法的选择、适配度的比较、解释变异量的计算、多元共线性的分析、强韧性标准误、第一层误差项变异数与实证贝氏估计值的运用。

Results of estimation of effective parameters in heterogeneous show that: i Seff and Teff values evolve with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity; ii Seff approaches the arithmetical mean of the field; iii Teff converges to its geometric mean at large time for the Gaussian random field we generated; and iv the averages of local T and S values within the cone of depression at early times differ from the Teff and Seff values.

研究结果在空间异质性孔隙介质有效参数的推估方法方面，显示利用传统抽水试验分析来估计有效参数时，从长时间的抽水试验分析所得的流通系数代表在抽水井有效半径内所有流通系数的某种平均值；此平均值与抽水井及观测井附近的地质有很大的关系，而且可能受到有效半径内地质异质性的影响，而储蓄系数的估计值变异很大与抽水井与观测井间地质的储蓄系数特性有关，特别是观测井的位置。

In a word, our analyses showed the genetic diversity of Aristida pennata populations was rich and the genetic structure was complicate.

群体遗传分化系数为0.8247，表明有82.47％的遗传变异存在于株丛之间，而只有18.53％的遗传变异存在于株丛内。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

Or 10.40％ of the variation was partitioned among voltinism populations. The Nm (4. 3065) showed that there was to some extent gene flow among three voltinism populations. The average Nei's genetic identity was 0.9637. The genetic distance between V1 population and cultivated V1 population was the biggest (0.0438) and the less was 0.0370 between V1 population and V2 population.

Nei基因多样性指数也是2化群体最大（0.2631），1化群体次之（0.2485），培育1化性群体最小（0.1709），3个群体之间的遗传分化系数为0.1040，即3个化性群体之间的遗传变异占到总遗传变异的10.40％。3个化性群体之间的基因流达到4.3065，表明化性群体间存在着一定程度的基因交流。3个群体之间的遗传一致度为0.9637，遗传距离以培育1化性群体与1化性群体最大（0.0438），以1化群体与2化群体最小（0.0370）。

The rest reside among the populations. and that about 80.98% of 12 double chromosomal variability in arm ratio existed within the populations. The rest reside among the populations. Nested random effects analysis of variance for variable the relative length, arm ratio of chromosome, the mean of ratio (largest/smallest), mean ratio of ann. As. K. and actual length of genome of chromosome. As a resuit, chromosomal structure variations was 96.36% within the populations.

结果］在相付长度方面，香水百合12对染色体变异约有88.91%来源于居群内，约有11.09%来源于居群间；在臂比方面，香水百合12对染色体变异约有80.98%来源于居群内，约有19.02%来源于居群间；在染色体长度比、平均臂比、核型不对称系数和染色体组实际长度方面，香水百合染色体变异约有96.36%来源于居群内，约有3.64%来源于居群间。

In order to find out the pureness of parental Carassius auratus Tungting and make an analysis of morphological genetic law between parent and progeny, the study sets out to test 27 parents and 32 offspring of Carassius auratus Tungting from Beiming Lake.

摘 要：为了查明洞庭青鲫原种亲本种质的纯度，进行亲本、子一代之间形态学性状遗传传递规律的分析，测定了从北民湖引入的洞庭青鲫原种亲本27尾和子一代32尾，对其7项可比性状和可数性状进行了统计分析，计算出各性状的均值、标准差、变异系数。

This research bases on Dennis Pelletier's (2006)"Regime Switching Dynamic Correlation" model to estimate the covariance matrix through dividing the correlation into three regimes.

中文摘要本篇论文采用Denis Pelletier (2006)所提出的状态转换之动态相关系数模型，将资产报酬之相关系数分为三个状态，以估计其共变异数矩阵。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新