变异点

The key points of DGA is to start evolution with initial population evenly distributed in searching space to avoid the leakiness of subspace, to accelerate the searching process by directed crossover and mutation, to improve holistic survival and adaptive ability by means of competition and parallel evolution in genetic system. However, the crossover and mutation act on different lays in space made the searching uniform.

其基本思路是以空间上均匀分布的初始点展开演化以避免子空间的遗漏，以有方向性的杂交和变异加速和调节搜索，同时杂交和变异作用在不同层面上使搜索在整体上均匀化，通过遗传系统里的并行竞争提高整个群体的生存适应力，从而达到整体优化的目的。

The peak of the bulge accorded with the vertical line through the posterior convexity of superior articular surface of atlas. The superimpose rate of the vertical line with the M line were 48% to left and 65% to right. The surplus existed in l～2mm to lateral of M line. The exit point of screw was the median point of vertical line on the anterior cortex of lateral mass. The superimpose rate of BB line the line linked with the

寰椎后结节中点及上关节突后凸尖下的骨质弧形隆起的顶点可作为寰椎椎弓根螺钉进钉点的准确标志，上关节突后凸尖及横突尖可作为寰椎椎弓根进钉点的大体标志；沿寰椎椎弓根轴线进钉较为安全，内倾17°，仰角变异大，出钉参照前结节顶点；椎动脉沟中外的厚度及进钉点处寰椎后弓的高度是寰椎椎弓根螺钉固定的主要限制性因素。

To define the spatial distribution pattern of point objects, a new approach is introduced, which employs the variation coefficient CV of the area of Voronoi polygons.

：点集的Voronoi图是对点集的一种空间分割方式，不同分布的点集可以形成Voronoi多边形面积的不同变化，可以通过计算点状目标的Voronoi多边形面积的变异系数方法，来分析点状目标的空间分布特征。

We studied the optimum medium and hormone combination of callus induction from cotyledons, subculture of callus, shoot regeneration from callus, shoot-extension induction, root induction and identified the chromosome number of the plantlet. The results showed that: MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L, MS＋2,4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L, MS+2,4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L, MS+KT 0.5 mg/L and basal MS medium. One plantlet among twenty two was determined as a tetraploidy based on the plant morphology, observation of the leaf stoma and chromosome number of the root, other two plantlets represented morphological variation.

结果表明，诱导章丘大葱子叶产生愈伤组织、愈伤组织的继代培养、愈伤组织芽分化、芽点的伸长及诱导生根的最佳培养基及激素配比分别为：MS+2，4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L、MS＋2，4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L、MS+2，4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L、MS+KT 0.5mg/L和MS基本培养基；试管苗经驯化移栽后，共有22株成活，成活率为92%，对成活的再生植株进行形态学、叶片气孔及根尖染色体鉴定表明，共有3株发生变异，其中2株为外部形态上的变异，而另一株为染色体的加倍变异。

Sequences for each individual were assembled and edited using ESEE 3 0 s. A distance matrix was computed using program DNADIST of PHYLIP(3 57). Unrooted maximum likelihood trees were calculated from program FITCH.Results The amplified CO1 gene of the snail was a fragment of 638 bp in length.

在该地区选 7个点(上游 4个点，下游 3个点)采集钉螺，用CTAB法提取钉螺基因组DNA ，PCR方法扩增CO1基因，纯化后测序，运用ESEE软件排序并比较变异位点，观察各点钉螺的CO1基因单倍体型，运用PHYLIP软件计算遗传距离，绘制基因进化树。

This paper analyzes the trends and variations of cross-section profile parameters in lower Yellow River with the methods of time series analysis. The analysis results show that since 1950s, cross-section profile parameters in lower Yellow River have change with trend, especially after 1990s, the bankfull discharge and bankfull area all show decreasing trends at all the four stations. The bankfull width at Huayankou, Gaocun and Lijin station and the average depth at Huayuankou and Aishan station and the maximal depth at Gaocun station show decreasing trends while the bankfull water level at Gaocun and Aishan station and width-depth ratio at Aishan station show increasing trends.

本文采用时间序列分析的方法对黄河下游河道断面形态参数变化趋势及其变异点进行了分析，分析结果表明从20世纪50年代以来，断面形态参数发生了趋势性变化，特别是90年代以来各站平滩流量和平滩面积均有显著的下降趋势，花园口站、高村站和利津站平滩河宽出现了显著下降趋势，花园口站、艾山站平均水深显著下降，高村站和艾山站的平滩水位显著抬高，艾山站的宽深比也有显著增大的趋势。

TPH gene contains a chort of variants, these polymorphisms distribute promoter upstream, intonlB、 1C、7、8and 9, in addition to a microsatellite repeat at 3' downstream.

TPH基因存在多个变异点且具有遗传多态性，这些多态位点分别位于上游启动区、内含子1B区、1C区、内含子7、内含子8及内含子9区，在下游3'区亦有一微卫星重复序列。

On the basis of examination of more than 2000 specimens from 15 herbaria worldwide, the characters features of species,phonological phase,ecoloigical habit and the relation to close species were analyzed, recorded and described, the disputed species were compared, measured and counted in detail, the quantitative analysis to different characters was done through dot-map, the variation pattern of major morphology characters was analyzed and their significance for a better delimitation of the species was evaluated.

查阅或借阅国内外17个标本馆近2000份标本，描述了每个种的性状特征、物候期、生态习性及其与近缘种的关系，确定性状的极性，对有争议种的形态性状进行详细的测量和比较，用散点图对个别性状作定量研究，分析了主要外部形态学性状的变异式样、变异幅度及其对划定物种范围的价值。

Skill-mental dominated event-group has characteristics what are polarizing frighten goal and fluctuating variation course. 6 Coaches and athletes must insist on the principles that is comminuting of judging accurately and intervening in good time, perspective with getting practical to combine together, timeliness and synchronous combine together, controllability and principle that substantial results combine together.

影响竞赛过程中运动员竞技能力变异的众多因素可聚合为以下四个相对独立又相互联系的子系统，即：运动员的竞技状态与相对竞技实力、参赛认知水平与比赛经验、可逆转环境和中立环境。4运动员竞技能力的参赛变异具有变异成因的多元性和多变性、变异内容体能的先导性、变异过程的可控性与非可控性、变异结果的两极性和层次性和参赛行为的心态易变性等五个方面的一般训练学特征。5体能主导类项群具有变异结果直观性、变异过程连续性和对手制约两重性等特征；技能主导类项群具有单项贡献制约性、个体变异传递性和裁判评定诱导性等特征；技战能主导类项群具有群体整合共生性、核心技战术制导性、攻防转换制约性和局盘赛点突增性等特征；技心能主导类项群具有目标恐惧极化性和变异过程波动性等特征。6教练员、运动员必须坚持准确判断和适时干预相结合、前瞻性与务实性相结合、适时性与同步性相结合、可控性与实效性相结合的原则。

We prove that when mutation is independent, it may be performed either before or after multi-point crossover, the consequences of schema in EA are probabilistically the same.

通过引入模式进化、模式进化能力、适度模式等概念，以标准遗传算法为例，证明了在变异算子独立的条件下，进化算法中模式的构成与多点交叉和变异的顺序无关，然后证明了具有强进化能力的模式，将以指数阶增长。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。