变异发生

The result shows that the transgenic chrysanthemum can grow normally in the greenhouse and is not resisted on introduced the foreign gene,and can keep intrinsic excellent characters.When blossoming,different lines exist definite difference.Flower doubleness of one or two plants of line 05 changed,but most characters including lower color were not changed.

结果表明，转基因菊花在温室中能够正常生长，不因外源基因的转入而使其生长受到阻碍，能够保持原有的优良性状，开花时不同的株系间存在一定的差异，05株系的个别单株重瓣性发生了变异，但包括花色在内的其他大部分性状没有发生变异。

The results showed that the number of chromosome, which was from the cultured seedlings of meristem tip and the rank seedlings of meristem tip, was not altered, both the number were 2n=16,the hereditary stability of callus and regeneration plant was poor; and the variation percentage of chromosome in callus was 43.4%, among which haploid accounted for 6.7%, triploid accounted for 2.5%,tetraploid accounted for 10%,pentaploid accounted for 4.2%,hexaploid accounted for 3.3%,septuploid accounted for 4.2%,octoploid accounted for 3.3%,dysploid accounted for 9.2%;the chromosome variation percentage of differentiation seedlings derived from callus was11.7%,among which haploid was 6.7%,triploid accounted for 1.7%,tetraploid was 3.3%.

结果表明，茎尖分生组织培养的幼苗及丛生苗遗传稳定，其染色体未发生倍性变异，均为2n=16；愈伤组织及其再生苗遗传稳定性较差，愈伤组织染色体数变异率为43.4%，其中单倍体占6.7%、三倍体占2.5%、四倍体占10%、五倍体占4.2%、六倍体占3.3%、七倍体占4.2%、八倍体占3.3%、非整倍体占9.2%；愈伤组织分化苗染色体变异率为11.7%，其中单倍体占6.7%，三倍体占1.7%，四倍体占3.3%。

RAPD method was used to determine the molecular nature of the variants, and polymorphism, such as OPD05-1250 and OPH16-800 in NaCl-tolerant line of sainfoin and OPA08-1180 and OPH01-760 in ethionine-resistant cell line alfalfa, could be clearly detected among different lines, indicating these variations were caused by the changes in DNA.

用RAPD技术对红豆草和苜蓿几种变异系的DNA多态性进行比较分析，证实红豆草耐盐系中具有OPD05-1250、OPH16-800等多态性产物，苜蓿变异系中具有OPH01-760、OPA08-1180多态性产物。说明变异系中DNA水平发生一定改变。

Our results indicate that there is a significant spatial heterogeneity of Solidago canadensis areal distribution in the study area. Imports and intensity of agricultural activities are major factors in Solidago canadensis occurrence area, while length of highways accounts for the variance in relative area of Solidago canadensis.

结果表明：加拿大一枝黄花在浙江省的分布存在明显的空间异质性；进口货物总额与农业活动强度是解释加拿大一枝黄花发生面积变异的主要因子；境内公路里程是解释加拿大一枝黄花发生面积比例变异的主要因子。

We studied the optimum medium and hormone combination of callus induction from cotyledons, subculture of callus, shoot regeneration from callus, shoot-extension induction, root induction and identified the chromosome number of the plantlet. The results showed that: MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L, MS＋2,4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L, MS+2,4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L, MS+KT 0.5 mg/L and basal MS medium. One plantlet among twenty two was determined as a tetraploidy based on the plant morphology, observation of the leaf stoma and chromosome number of the root, other two plantlets represented morphological variation.

结果表明，诱导章丘大葱子叶产生愈伤组织、愈伤组织的继代培养、愈伤组织芽分化、芽点的伸长及诱导生根的最佳培养基及激素配比分别为：MS+2，4-D 2.0mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L、MS＋2，4-D 2.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L、MS+2，4-D 0+KT 1.0mg/L、MS+KT 0.5mg/L和MS基本培养基；试管苗经驯化移栽后，共有22株成活，成活率为92%，对成活的再生植株进行形态学、叶片气孔及根尖染色体鉴定表明，共有3株发生变异，其中2株为外部形态上的变异，而另一株为染色体的加倍变异。

According to the clock that ticks off the increase in diversity of the DNA of a group of animals due to the accumulation of random mutations, this "population bottleneck" occurred at the beginning of the Younger Dryas.

通过统计出这群动物由于随机变异的积累所产生的DNA变异的情况，从而推算出种群变异的时间，发现这种&种群数瓶颈&恰恰发生在新仙女木期的开始阶段。

OBJECTIVE ①To compare the sequences of the ribosomal rDNA-ITS2, 28S-D3 and mitochondrial mtDNA-COII in the different origins of Anopheles minimus for detecting the intra-and inter-specific variation of the sibling species of the Minimus Complex;②To reconstruct phylogenetic trees of the Minimus Complex and Myzomyia Series for determining the position of An.

目的 ①比较微小按蚊核糖体rDNA-ITS2、28S-D3基因和线粒体mtDNA-COII基因的序列差异，阐明微小按蚊复合体亲缘种种间和种内变异；②根据基因变异重建微小按蚊复合体及迈蚊系成员的种系发生关系，以确立微小按蚊亲缘种变异的种系地位；③建立微小按蚊复合体亲缘种A和C的分子鉴别方法。

And we also research the impact of methylating on hydrogen bond and stacked bond in base pairs under considering water molecules.

研究结果表明，烷基化之所以能造成碱基错配是它可使碱基的质子迁移或烯醇互变现象容易发生，改变原有原子的电荷分布或配对模式，同时碱基自身的互变异构体会跟烷基作用，致使互变异构体能够稳定存在，影响正常碱基配对，引起碱基诱变，造成生理疾病的发生。

On the basis of many times of experiments, A optimized reaction system about the microsatellite PCR amplification and partial COⅠ-Ⅱgene amplification of the green peach aphid was proposed. 3. It is clear that the result of polymorphic bands shows the abundance among the aphids after different UV radiation with three primers.

遗传多样性指标的方差分析结果表明，对于平均多态位点率，2 h处理是平均多态位点率的临界值，超过2 h， F2代平均多态位点率发生显著变异；对于平均基因多样度，对照与不同时间处理间差异显著；研究结果也表明低剂量紫外照射可增加蚜虫的免疫性，高剂量辐射则导致桃蚜的基因发生变异。

The amount of covalently closed circular DNA in the serum is reported to be higher in patients who develop YMDD mutants than in those without mutants.

据报道，血清中共价闭合环状DNA的水平在发生YMDD变异的病人中要比不发生变异的病人高。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。