变工况

Both kinds of algorithms can improve the static and dynamitic characteristics of the system, and meet the design requirements.

在进行系统整体设计和软、硬件设计时，本文充分考虑了系统的实际工况，设置了手柄信号中位死区，以消除系统的误动作；同时，为适应比例阀的工作频率，利用单片机对PWM输出信号进行了分频处理，保证了通过比例阀的平均电流值不变。

The misaction and nonaction of protection can bring the immeasurable loss for power plant and power system .So the fault analysis of the unit have been a problem for a long time that worker have to face. However some recorder of unit can only matriculate the waveform such as the analysis and calculate of electric parameter that the worker want to know , find the cause of fault correctly, analysis and appraise the action of protection and automechanism.

发变组作为电力系统中重要的电力设备，尤其是大型机组，同时配套有大量不同工作原理的保护，运行工况复杂，相对事故率较高，故障种类多，故障原因各异，故障的分析、判断更加困难，对机组的安全和稳定运行极其重要，保护装置的拒动或误动，都会给发电厂或电力系统带来不可估量的损失。

Where slurries or other difficult services require, flange mounted differential pressure transmitters may be used.

在泥浆或其它困难工况要求的地方，可以使用法兰连接的差压变送器。

Based on the analysis of the experimental results of flue gas temperature distribution in horizontal flue in a 300MW pulverized coal tangentially fired boiler at variable load, the characteristics of the flue gas temperature distribution in horizontal flue of this boiler at variable load are summarized in this paper.

通过对某 3 0 0 MW四角布置切圆燃烧锅炉在变负荷工况下水平烟道内烟温分布的现场试验结果的分析，指出了四角布置切圆燃烧锅炉水平烟道内烟温分布的特点及其随负荷变化的规律。

Fans and pumps are the mechanical properties of square torque characteristics, pump run-time,* the opening of the valve regulating the flow to meet water supply requirements, working conditions and the fan is similar to,* adjusting damper, duct or valve opening tailgate degrees to adjust the blower air volume, pumps flow methods, known as cutting regulation, regulation on cost-cutting process, the fan or pump the inherent characteristics of the same, only * small throttle clearance, baffle or valve opening, artificially increase line resistance, which increases the loss of pipeline system is not conducive to fan, pump energy-saving operation.

风机和水泵的机械特性均为平方转矩特性，水泵运行时，*阀门的开度调节流量来满足供水要求，工况与风机相似，*调节风门、风道档板或阀门的开度来调节风机风量，水泵流量的方法、称为节流调节，在节流调节过程中，风机或水泵固有特性不变、仅仅*关小风门、挡板或阀门的开度，人为地增加管路的阻力，由此增大管路系统的损失，不利于风机，水泵的节能运行。

Control algorithm as conceived by Smith with predictive functions for compensating first order delay is used to effectively overcome the large time lag and big inertia of the study object. The output of the controller is made to be attempered to the time changing property of the parameters by setting up several fixed models for the typical operating conditions and their control weightiness determined by online calculating their degree of mutual matching.

使用带有Smith预估补偿思想的一阶时滞对象预测函数控制算法，来有效克服对象的大时延、大惯性；并通过建立若干典型工况的固定模型，在线计算其模型匹配度确定控制权重，从而得到控制器的输出的方法，能适应参数的时变。

The detailed finite element analytical computation was successfully carried out on this structure and the stress and strain distribution of this structure were obtained under various actual operating conditions, thus laid a foundation for the structural improvement and optimization design of the rear loaded garbage compressing cart.

采用实际测试和变参数描述相结合的方法给出垃圾载荷的数学表达，利用ANSYS进行结构有限元分析调校载荷数学表达中的可变参数，保证了分析计算与实验测试结果的一致性，成功地对该结构进行了详尽的有限元分析计算，获得了该结构在各种实际工况下的应力及变形分布，为后装式压缩垃圾车的结构改进与优化设计打下了基础。

In the multiple turbulent jet-to-crossflow, the"hole inhale phenomenon"is more obvious in the lee of the first jet orifice. We got the vortex fields of the multiple turbulent jet-to-crossflow in different conditions. The developing processes of horseshoe vortex and kidney counter-rotating vortex pair are studied. The results suggest that in the multi-hole jet, until the multi-hole jet merging into a new jet, the miniature of horseshoe vortex appears, and the shape of CVP changes regularly.

计算还给出了不同工况多孔横向紊动射流的涡量场，并对马蹄形涡和反向涡旋对的形成机理及发展过程进行了系统的研究，并指出，在多孔射流中，当多股射流合并为一股新的射流之后，才出现马蹄形涡的雏形，CVP的形状也逐渐变的规则。

Its function is:①Changing gear ratio,expanding the torque of the driving wheel and the range of the rotational speed,to adapt the travel condition which frequently changes, like start, acceleration, climbing and so on, simultaneously causes the engine to work under the advantageous operating mode;②Under the premise of the invariable rotation, enables the automobile to travel back;③Using neutral, severances the power transmission, to make the engine start, idle, and is advantageous for the engine to shift gears or to carry on the dynamic output.

它功用是：①改变传动比，扩大驱动轮转矩和转速的变化范围，以适应经常变化的行驶条件，如起步、加速、上坡等，同时使发动机在有利的工况下工作；②在发动机旋转方向不变的前提下，使汽车能倒退行驶；③利用空档，中断动力传递，以使发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于发动机换档或进行动力输出。

ABSTRACT Introduces three methods that can adjust refrigerating output according to the variation of load aimed at the varying duty condition during the practical operation process of refrigeration system,frequency inverter technique,parallel unit with several compressors and liquid refrigerant storing method.

摘 要针对制冷系统实际运行过程中存在的变负荷工况，介绍三种根据负荷变化调节制冷量的方法：变频技术、多机并联压缩机组以及液体制冷剂储存方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。