变工况

By means of simulation, the authors research the over-voltage level at AC and DC sides of converter station as well as arrestor operation condition caused by last breaker trip occurred in inverter station of UHVDC power transmission project from Yunnan to Guangdong; analyze and reveal the interrelations among over-voltage level, various operation conditions and different action delay of DC protections and propose the requirement to the time of protection coordination to ensure secure and reliable operation of equipments for the project.

文章对云广特高压直流系统逆变站最后断路器跳闸引起的换流站交直流侧过电压水平以及避雷器工况进行仿真研究，分析揭示不同运行工况、不同直流保护动作延时与过电压水平的相互关系，提出对保护配合时间的要求，以确保系统设备能安全可靠运行。

It was found that with the increase in the oscillating frequency for a fixed oscillating angle, the film thickness increases, which may contribute to the formation of the oil film; however, the maximum pressure and the pressure scope during an oscillation cycle also increase; which may shorten the fatigue life of the bounding surface in the latter situation.

结果表明：在摆程不变的条件下，膜厚随摆动频率增加而增大，有利于润滑膜的建立，但同时会增加1个周期中的最大压力及压力波动幅度，使工件易于疲劳；对于相同凸度量，在低频摆动工况下边缘效应较高频工况下的严重，因此在低频摆动工况下使用滚子设计时需要增大其凸度量。

Department of Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, JilinUniversity, Changchun 130025, ChinaAbstract: Combustion parameters were studied from a turbocharged inter-cooled diesel engine under constant speed and increasing torque operating conditions with combustion analyzer.

为了研究车用增压柴油机瞬态工况下燃烧参数的变化规律，利用燃烧分析仪在试验台上研究了恒转速变转矩瞬态工况下，油门开度变化率对燃烧参数的影响规律。

Effect of austenitizing temperature and air cooling rate on microstructure and properties of the CFB/M steel;2. Discussion on the feasibility and economy of 1000MW ultra-supercritical direct air cooling unit;3. Metal transformation temperature under air cooling condition was actually measured.

实测了空冷条件下金属的温度，分析了相变潜热释放引起的温降速度变化规律，并通过冷却速度曲线畸变特征点对实际工况下的金属相变开始温度和结束温度以及相变持续时间进行了判定。

It's an effective measure of fast valving in improving the dynamic stabilities of power system and preventing the overspeed of steam turbines, but the fast valving technique available can satisfy the need of modern steam turbines no more. On the basis of the new type fluid logic valve, which combines the regulating systems and safety systems happily, the steam turbine EHC based on new principle is put forward, one of its outstanding characteritics is, the fast valving is operating in a closed control loop. For the implementation of control for steam generator regulation and safety systems with nonlinear mult-operating modes, a new methodology for designing a fuzzy logic controller is proposed, which is based on the combination of"error phase plane"and"variable universe of discourse". Application of a double-mode FLC with the new methodology is presented, the validity of the design methodolody is desmonstrated by test; A new methodolody is also presented to improve the design and tuning of a FLC using variable structure control theory.

本文还详细讨论了快关控制在提高电力系统暂态稳定性及超速保护中的应用，分析了现有的快关控制规律的局限性，研究出一种基于新型快关阀的汽轮机电液控制系统，其突出特点是使汽轮机闭环快关成为现实，指出这种基于新的组成原理与设计方法的汽轮机电液控制系统对不同工况下的适应能力；针对汽轮发电机组多工况、非线性的特点，提出一种把&误差相平面&方法与&可变论域&思想有机结合的双模FLC设计与调整的新方法，试验结果表明该系统具有良好的动、静态特性；为改善FLC控制规则的设计与调整，作者还介绍了一种把滑模变结构理论成功应用于模糊系统设计的新方法。

In view of that the traditional estimation strategy of SOC is not suitable for the conditions of variable current discharge of battery, which is particularly complex in hybrid excavator, a new estimation strategy of SOC is presented based on the law of conservation of energy and four-line's measurement technique.

传统的电池荷电状态估算方法己经不能满足蓄电池变电流放电工况的需要，而混合动力液压挖掘机中蓄电池变电流放电工况异常复杂，因此变电流工况下SOC的准确估算具有重要意义。

The variable load operating mode of the rotary table and swivel was transformed equivalently into stable load operating mode, and the equations for calculating the equivalent weig...

即将转盘和水龙头主轴承由变载荷工况向稳定载荷工况作等效转换，从而导出等效当量动载荷Pm 的计算式及主轴承寿命估算公式，并以 40 0 0m深井钻机水龙头主轴承为例，进行了疲劳寿命的估算

The overpressure transients of the most penalizing category 2 condition and category 3 condition are simulated by the thermal-hydraulic code-CATIA 2, and the reactor coolant system overpressure protection under the stretch-out operation for LING AO NNP is validated.

本文阐述岭澳核电站延伸运行工况下反应堆冷却剂系统超压保护分析的原理和方法，利用热工水力程序CATIA2对最为严重的二类工况和三类工况超压瞬变做了分析和计算，计算表明岭澳核电站延伸运行期间冷却剂系统超压保护是有效的。

Based on the experimental feature of the cascades, the correspondent relationship of stage shaft power and efficiency between fixed and variable geometry was derived.

由于涉及到变几何工况，燃气轮机系统仿真中压气机低转速工况特性计算最为困难，计算压气机的变几何特性具有重要的意义。

To study the performance of screw compressor, the key component in heat pump chiller, a mathematic model for simulating the behavior of the compressor's working process is presented in this paper, based on the thermodynamics of mass-variable system and the p-V indicator diagrams acquired by experiment.

为此，本文在实测压缩机在经济器补气工况、部分负荷工况、不同冷却方式等工况下p-V指示图的基础上，并基于变质量系统热力学原理，建立了螺杆制冷压缩机工作过程热力学数学模型，考虑了喷油、泄漏、热交换及补气等因素对工作过程的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。