变宽

The absolute magnitude of the strain in the bulk of the wire is attenuated significantly along the width direction. At the wire center, the strain-modified direct bandgap increases with the decrease in wire width.

文章还具体讨论了量子线线宽对应变分布和带隙的影响，结果表明：沿线宽方向，应变的绝对值逐渐减小，并随线宽的增加而变大；带隙则随线宽的减小而增大。

The main circuit adopts the threephase bipolarity contravariant bridge circuit composed of power bipolar-transistor.

其逆变器依据正弦波脉宽调制技术，主电路采用三相双极性逆变桥式电路，逆变管采用电力场效应晶体管。

Compared with diploidy seedlings of P.elongate,leaf length and stomata size of tetraploid becomes bigger,the leaf length/width ratio and stomata density becomes smaller.

变异植株叶片比二倍体大，叶片长宽比变小，叶片单个气孔变大，气孔密度变小。

Conditions of the seepage and stress is a dynamic process, and also shows its interaction and interdependence. Owing to the closure of the fracture, the hydraulic gradient and the permeability pressure of the fracture turn large, and also promote the expansion of water cracks, and fissures connectivity increasing. The increase of the crack opening width will result in the increase of the infiltration capacity and seepage flow, and the reduction of seepage pressure. Because of the dynamic dependence of the fracture aperture, pressure and seepage, under certain conditions, changes in fracture aperture can lead to the formation of local water-passage, and the local emission of high pressure water, and thus promotes the formation of the sudden outgush disasters.

结果表明：洞室开挖完成后，在围岩渗流与应力耦合作用下，围岩中裂隙隙宽、裂隙中水压及其渗透流量的变化是一个动态过程，且相互作用与相互依赖；裂隙的闭合使得结构面水力梯度变大，作用在裂缝上的渗透压力增大，促进导水裂缝扩展，裂隙连通性增加；裂缝张开度增大，渗透能力增强，渗流量增大，其渗流压力相应降低；由于围岩中裂隙隙宽、压力和渗流量的动态依赖性，在一定条件下，裂隙隙宽的改变可导致局部水力通道的形成，高压水头从局部涌出，从而促进突水灾害的形成。

The experimental results show that the mean particle size of griseofulvin precipitated by RESS is smaller than 1, 0μm, narrow distribution and 95％ fine particles is smaller than 1. 0μm. Increase of the pre-expansion pressure, the extraction temperature, the expansion chamber temperature, the spraying distance, the concentration of cosolvent and decrease of the nozzle diameter resulted in decrease of the particle size under the operating condition studied. Enhancement of the pre-expansion temperature resulted in increase of the particles size. The SEM of GF shows that the shape of original is atactic and a wide size distribution, but the microparticles obtained by RESS is reverse. Similar melting points and XRD patterns were observed for the original material and the precipitates obtained by RESS.

实验结果表明，用含夹带剂的RESS法制备的灰黄霉素微粒的平均直径在1μm左右，且分布均匀，95％微粒在1μm以下，仅用CO〓作为超临界流体制备的微粒与上述方法制备的微粒的平均直径和分布相似，只是产量太低，而用机械法制备的微粒平均直径在3μm左右且分布较宽；不同的过程参数对沉析微粒尺寸有不同的影响，预膨胀压力、膨胀室温度、溶解温度以及夹带剂浓度的提高或增大，均可使沉析微粒的直径变小；预膨胀温度提高，所得微粒的直径变大；喷射距离的增加，沉析微粒的直径变小；喷嘴直径越小，由此制得的微粒的直径就越小；根据实验结果还可知道，通过理论计算的马赫盘处微粒的直径可以较好地估计出膨胀室中收集到的微粒的直径。

Compared with the old variable displacement wobble plate compressor, it has compacter structures, smaller size, lighter weight, higher efficiency, higher reliability, lower noise, higher rotational speed operation and wider range of displacement.

变排量斜盘式压缩机是继变排量摇板式压缩机之后的一种新型变排量压缩机，具有零件少、结构紧凑、尺寸小、重量轻、效率高、耐久性好、振动噪声特性好、高转速运行和排量调节范围宽等特点。

Three types of base asphalt and six SBS were used to produce SBS modified asphalt. The interaction of SBS modified asphalt was discussed in different states between the base asphalt and SBS based on their compositions. Through the traditional tests, such as penetration, soften point and ductility, and US SHRP tests, the results indicated that influences to affect the temperature susceptibility, high and low temperature performance, aging characteristics are base asphalt, SBS types and their dosages. The functions of penetration to viscosity and complex shear modulus G~* to complex dynamic shear viscosity η~* were set up, and then theviscosity-temperature susceptibility of wide temperature span and the calculation method of low temperature viscosity were obtained."Process" evaluation criterions, high grading critical temperature T_ and low grading criticaltemperature T_ , were suggested according to the high and low temperatureperformances of SBS modified asphalt. Using the experience of Repeated Creep and Recovery Test for Binders, a new high-temperature evaluation index,modification rutting factor G~*~(-9) was obtained. The results after RTFO and PAV aging indicated that traditional tests didnt differentiate base asphalt and SBS modified asphalt, but dynamic mechanics temperature spectrum and G*-5 black chart clearly reflected the influence of aging to the SBS modified asphalt. With the IR and GPC tests, the reason of aging to the SBS modified asphalt were due to asphalt phase oxygenated and SBS phase depredated.

论文选择3种油源的基质沥青和6种SBS改性剂制备改性沥青，通过分析基质沥青和SBS改性剂的组成结构特点，得出了不同状态下SBS改性沥青的SBS与基质沥青的相互作用机理；通过针入度、软化点、延度等常规试验以及美国SHRP试验，分析了基质沥青、SBS改性剂类型与剂量对SBS改性沥青的温度敏感性、高低温特性及老化特性的影响；建立了针入度-粘度、复数模量G~*-复数粘度η~*的换算关系，得出了宽温度域的粘温指数VTS和较低温度下粘度的计算方法；通过高低温性能分析提出了&过程&评价参数高温等级温度T_和低温等级温度T_；借鉴重复恢复与蠕变试验研究成果，得到了SBS改性沥青高温评价指标改进型抗车辙因子G~*~(-9)；RTFO和PAV老化后的性能试验结果表明，常规试验难以区分SBS改性沥青与基质沥青的差异，而动态力学温度谱、G~*-δ黑斑图可以反映老化作用对SBS改性沥青的影响，且通过IR试验和GPC试验得出SBS改性沥青老化是沥青相的氧化和SBS的降解共同引起的；通过不同温度下SBS改性沥青混合料的旋转压实SGC试验，根据粘度与剪变率的关系，提出用剪变率60(1／s)测试SBS改性沥青的粘温曲线，并按照0.17±0.02Pa.s和0.28±0.03Pa.s确定施工温度。

In the last new years , as the demands of wireless communication system grows rapidly , the bands of microwave frequency had been saturated with various communication applications . To achieve wider spectrum for high-speed and high-capacity transmission , bands of millimeter-wave frequency are the solution of this problem . The advantage of MMW wireless communication systems is wider bandwidth comparing with microwave communication systems . To utilize the spectrum efficiently , many methods of complexly digital modulation is proposed . The more complex modulation , the higher linearity is required , and more various phase of signals are required to accomplish process of modulation . Therefore high-linearity and quadrature-phase modulator and demodulator are the emphasis of this thesis . For high level of integration , high performance and low cost , this chip is fabricated by the complementary oxide semi-conductor 0.13um process . A compact size of direct down-conversion and direct up conversion circuits will be presented in this thesis .

近年来随著无线通讯产业的蓬勃发展，微波频带已经趋近於饱和，为了追求更宽的频谱来达到更快传输速率及高资料容量的传输，宽频的毫米波频段提供了解决此问题的途径，毫米波无线通讯系统提供了相对於微波通讯系统宽频的优点，且为了更有效的使用频谱，各种不同且复杂的数位调变方式及方法被发表出来，越复杂的调变方式其所需的线性度越高，且需要更多不同的相位讯号来完成调变的过程，因此高线性度及四相位的调变及解调器将是此篇论文的研究重点，为了达到高整合性，高效能，及低成本的电路设计，我门利用互补式金氧半导体制程来完成此电路设计，因此一小面积的直接降频(Direct down-conversion)及直接升频(direct up-conversion)电路将在文中介绍。

The article presents the developing condition of PWM and SVPWM first.Then the theory of SVPWM is discussed in detail.The SVPWM is based on the thought of magnetic chain tracking.It makes the ideal magnetic chain circle of three-phased sysmmetry electric motor supplied by three-phased sysmmetry sine wave voltage for basis,uses the practical magnetic chain vector formed by the different switch modes of three-phased inverter to track the basic magnetic chain circle.During the course of tracking,the inverter changes the switch modes properly to form the PWM waves.Then the modulation wave of SVPWM is analyzed in detail.The modulation wave of SVPWM is implicit,but the analogous modulation wave in A-B-C axis needs to be calculated in order to expose the internal relation of SVPWM and SPWM.That is to show the implicit modulation wave of SVPWM. SVPWM actually is a transformed SPWM ruly sampled by the modulation wave which is injected by the zero prefaces based on space vectors.

本文首先对脉宽调制技术的发展现状进行了综述，在此基础上分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的发展现状；接着对空间电压矢量脉宽调制技术的基本原理进行了详细的分析和推导，SVPWM是基于磁链追踪的思想，它以三相对称正弦波电压供电下三相对称电动机定子理想磁链圆为基准，由三相逆变器不同开关模式下所形成的实际磁链矢量来追踪基准磁链圆的，在追踪的过程中，逆变器的开关模式作适当的切换，从而形成PWM波；然后详细分析了电压空间矢量脉宽调制技术的调制波，虽然SVPWM法的调制波是隐含的，但是为了揭示SVPWM法与SPWM法的内在联系，需要求出SVPWM在A-B-C坐标系上的等效调制波，也就是将SVPWM的隐含调制波显化；SVPWM实质是一种基于空间矢量在三相正弦波中注入了零序分量的调制波进行规则采样的一种变形SPWM。

The invention is a method for designing and preparing binary reinforced damping magnesium alloy having medium rigidity, medium strength, high-medium damping and medium raw material cost, the prepared alloy is beneficial for balancing required elements in practical application, including optimized rigid, wide frequency band, wide strain amplitude, wide temperature zone, strength, enough high-temperature-resistance, creep resistance, toughness, price, anticorrosion treatment and heat processing, and is beneficial for solving the problems in industry, such as lacking of variety of damping magnesium base alloy, selecting and using of rare-earth resource or drawback of substitution.

设计和制备中等刚度、中等强度、上中等阻尼性能和中等原料成本的二元增强阻尼镁基合金的方法，得到的该合金有利于平衡优化刚度、宽频段、宽的应变振幅、宽温度区间、强度、足够耐高温、抗蠕变、韧性、价格、利于防腐处理和利于热加工等实际应用中需求的要素，利于解决工业上可供选择的阻尼镁基合金品种不多以及稀土资源选择利用或替代利用性不足的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。