变变

Among the 65 types of disyllable groups ("IVB + IVA" are divided into two kinds, and are counted as two here), there are 41 types that only change the initial syllable and not the final one, 8 types that only change the final syllable and not the initial one, and 16 types that change both syllables.

在65种两字组（"阳入＋阴平"变调时分两类，这里按两种计）中，有41种只变前字不变后字，有8种只变后字不变前字，有16种前后字都变。

According to singular entropy and Percent of contribution to total energy, the de-noising rank is obtained and the signal is reconstructed. The thesis compares reconstruct wave form of different reconstruct rank and the error of original signal and reconstruct signal is contrasted.According to voltage flicker measurement, voltage flicker detection method based on Mathe Matical filtering and Teager Energy Operator is proposed. The multiple MM filter filters out pulse noise and white noise contained in fliker signal, then the filtered signal is tracked accurately and quikly via TEO.

提出了基于数学形态滤波和TEO能量算子的电压闪变快速测量方法，含噪电压闪变信号经过多结构元素复合数学形态滤波后，采用TEO能量算子计算跟踪电压闪变信号的包络，得到的包络信号用Pisarenco谱分析方法获得闪变调制信号的幅值频率等参数，对不同情况下的电压闪变信号进行了仿真验证。

Secondly, the paper is expanded from follow three aspects: the virtual design, the virtual process and the product data managementduring the developing the torque converter. Applying the key technique of concurrent engineering---design for function, design for assemblyand design for manufactureof the method of design for "X", the virtual design of the torque converter is accomplished in CATIA V5. Then the model constitution and the simulation of virtual process of the torque converter is done in CATIA V5, including the model constitution and the simulation of 5-aixe NC virtual process of the vane, the model constitution（material:PVC） of the idler pulley rapid prototypingand the virtual assembly and the motion simulation of the torque converter, etc. 3-D data exchange between various CAD systems is realized by using STEP standard. The lever of classing the character model of the torque converter is given. And the access authorization is set up and given to manage the partners' reading/writing the product data.

应用并行工程的关键技术之一——面向产品全生命周期的设计DFX中面向功能的设计DFF、面向装配的设计DFA和面向制造的设计DFM的方法，在CATIA V5中完成液力变矩器虚拟设计；在CATIA V5中对液力变矩器进行虚拟加工建模和仿真，包括液力变矩器导轮叶片五轴数控加工刀轨建模与仿真、导轮快速成型RP建模、液力变矩器虚拟装配和运动仿真等；采用STEP标准实现多CAD系统之间三维数据交换，提出液力变矩器特征模型的分级标准并对三维模型数据进行分级管理，制定相应的权限等级以规范合作厂家的产品数据管理层次。

ABSTRACT Aiming at problems of trans-vector controller in a vehicle-carried induction motor such as variable rotor and stator resistance following motor temperature, and their inductance varying with flux saturation degrees. Firstly, CSI and VSI are introduced, for CSI, it can hold the advantages both FOC and DTC using stator flux directional, PI parameter and simulation are also introduced. Secondly, equations of IM in the synchronous rotary frame and its static counterpart, as figuring in the saturation condition of magnetic field, are dealt in this paper and the simulation results are presented. Thereafter, the parameter designing of PI trans-vector controller is processed, which features the non-linear model. In practical realization, as neglecting the dynamical change of motor inductance, this paper employs online modification of inductance parameters, according to the flux saturation, then transforms the non-linear equations into linear ones, and so compacts the structure of controller. Thirdly, in view of the maximum torque output is extraordinary requisite when Electrical Vehicle start up, accelerate, and overtake, this paper issues the maximum torque when both inverter and battery capacity is corporeally definite. Fourthly, on-line differentiating and analyzing both rotor's time constants and its flux by using the expanding order reduction and discrete Kalman filter equation are fathomed, in order to realize high-performance trans-vector algorithm, and also the simulation results are presented. Fifthly, the close-loop regenerative brake system, when the EV's torque is set constant, is deduced; at the same time, unification of electric drive model and brake model is executed. Combined with maximum charge current demands, the mathematical model for online yielding torque as a demand.

本论文针对车载异步电机在矢量控制器所遇到的问题：定转子电阻随温度变化及随电机饱和程度变化的转子电感及定子电感而影响电机调速性能提出一套完整的解决方案：分析了电流型逆变器和电压型逆变器在实现矢量控制时控制器参数的计算，分析出对于电流型逆变器在采用定子磁场定向时，其性能同时具有矢量控制和直接转矩控制两者的优势，并对电压型逆变器在转子磁场定向下的模型进行了仿真研究；建立异步电机非线性模型，推导出考虑磁饱和时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系及静止坐标系下的方程，并做出了仿真结果，建立异步电机在非线性模型下的矢量控制调节器的PI参数设计，在实际应用中，若忽略电机电感的动态变化，可以根据当前的磁路饱和状态而在线修正电感参数，从而将非线性方程线性化，降低控制器的复杂度；考虑到电动汽车在起动和加速超车时需要电机有最大转矩输出，本文讨论在逆变器容量一定和电池供电能力有限的情况下电机最大转矩输出问题；推导了异步电机扩展降阶、离散卡尔曼滤波方程在线辨识转子时间常数和转子磁通，用于实现高性能的矢量控制算法，并给出了仿真结果；推导出了电动汽车恒转矩给定的闭环回馈制动系统，实现了电动控制模型和制动模型的统一，而且结合铅酸电池最大充电电流的要求，为制动转矩在线给定建立了数学模型；设计了基于双DSP系统的高性能矢量控制器软硬件框图，并以大量实验数据说明矢量控制在电动汽车应用的实际应用状况。

It was important that the thixotropic agent,surface active agent and solid lubricating agent are added,the surface of magnetizable particles were suitable treated,at the same time,the stability and lubricating property of MRF were analyzed and discussed.

通过触变剂与表面活性剂复合使用，同时对磁性悬浮相表面进行适当的处理，并加入适当的固体润滑剂合成了一种稳定性和润滑性能良好的磁流变体材料，该磁流变体材料性能为：0η≤1000mPa.s，τ0.5T≥60kPa，半个月内无明显沉降，无板结，"四球机法"测量其润滑性能为磨斑直径。75mm，该类型磁流变液用于磁流变阻尼器200万次振动试验取得了理想的试验效果。

Two of these protein bands, with a molecular weight of 12 000 Mr and 14 000 Mr, showed immunoreactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with allergy to pollen of Caryota ochlandra. For the pollen extract of Carvota mitis, 30 protein bands were detected in SDS-PAGE, and three of these protein bands, with a molecular weight of 12000, 14000, and 26000 Mr, showed immunoreactivity with IgE in the sera from patients with pollen allergy of Carvota mitis. The 14000 Mr protein was the major allergen. Result from the ion-exchange chromatography indicated that the two pollen allergens (12 000、14000 Mr) from Caryota ochlandra were eluted in the second peak. The major pollen allergen of Carvota mitis was eluted in the forth and fifth peak.

结果 长穗鱼尾葵花粉有30余条蛋白带，其中主要条带有18条，12000和14000 Mr为长穗鱼尾葵花粉特异性变应原；短穗鱼尾葵花粉有30余条蛋白带，其中主要条带有9条，26000、1200和14000 Mr为短穗鱼尾葵花粉特异性变应原，其中14000 Mr为主要变应原；通过离子交换层析方法纯化出长穗鱼尾葵花粉相对分子质量为12000和14000的变应原主要分布在Ⅱ峰中，短穗鱼尾葵花粉相对分子质量为14000阳的主要变应原分布在Ⅴ峰和Ⅵ峰中。

And the conservation laws of moment and momentum are obtained by the combining the tiny element analysis method in continua mechanics with variation principle in analytical mechanics.

论文摘要：本文在建立时变边界挠性体的动力学方程时，将并入的质量对挠性体的作用当作时变边界上的表面力，并将连续介质力学中的微元分析法和分析力学中的变分原理相结合，导出了时变边界的变质量刚体的动量和动量矩矩方程。

According to the characteristics that Trypanosome can produce different variations, 5 New Zealand rabbits were infected in sequence with a monoclonal strain of Trypanosome evansi isolated from Yunnan buffalo. 50 monoclonal strains were isolated and showed by indirect immune fluorescent test that the first parasitemia peak of variation in following 4 rabbits exist in 9 predominant variations of first rabbit. The 50 variations subordinate to 20 antigen types.

根据锥虫在兔体内可产生不同变异体的特性，将伊氏锥虫云南水牛单克隆株顺序感染五只新西兰大白兔，分离到 50 个单克隆群体，经间接免疫荧光实验证明：后四只兔子出现第一次虫血症高峰的变异体，均包含在第一只兔体内分离得到的 9个优势变异体之内；这 50 个变异体分属于 20 个抗原型，即共分离到 20 个优势变异体。

They are:1 Max-Reger's biography and creation synopsis2 A summary of the structure of Partita and Fuga3 Synopsis of Chromatische Polyphonie4 Creation background of(op 132)5 Linearity writing technique of(op 132)6 Partita inheriting with innovation and Parts analysis7 Fuga melody analysis

本文将分七个部分予以陈述，分别为：一马克思-雷格尔生平及创作简介二简述变奏曲与赋格及其它赋格音乐套曲结构三半音复音音乐简介四《莫扎特主题变奏与赋格》(op 132)的创作背景五《莫扎特主题变奏与赋格》(op 132)线性写作技巧六变奏手法的继承与创新及各变奏乐章分析七赋格曲分析

Using pintle technology, a conventional solid propellant rocket motor can provide variable thrust levels, increasing the energy utilizing efficiency and improving the capability of the missile. In this article the experimental pintle motor was designed and the principle experiments were carried out. The charachteristics of pintle motor was also analysed. Through the experiments and theoretic anlysis, the principle of pintle motor was opened out, the law of main factor were analysed.

对喉栓变推力发动机的工作原理进行了理论分析，建立了喉栓变推力发动机的内弹道预示方法；设计了喉栓变推力发动机试验系统，开展了原理试验研究；通过理论分析和试验研究，揭示了喉栓变推力发动机的工作原理，分析了主要因素的影响规律，为变推力发动机的深入研究提供了理论和试验依据。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。