变化范围

A method to estimate the variation upper bound of end-to-end delay is proposed. The anycast requests with QoS constraint are supported by measuring, sharing and estimating network parameters between routers and anycast members in a small region.

同时，提出了一种由分段延迟变化估计总体延迟变化上界的方法，通过组成员和路由器之间的小范围网络参数的测量、分享和估计，支持带QoS约束的任播通信请求。

Simulations show that the proposed observer can track rotor flux vector in a large speed range and be robust to the variable rotor time constant.

仿真结果表明该转子磁链观测器可以在较大速度范围内跟踪转子磁链矢量的变化，同时对变化较大的转子时间常数具有一定的鲁棒性。

Within the scope of visible spectrum, the color of high-temperature object changes with the temperature.

在可见光谱范围内，随着温度的变化，高温物体的颜色也在相应变化，因此提出了一种基于神经网络的图像颜色测温方法。

The results show that(1)the barrier and passage effects of longitudinal range-gorge break the law of zonal distribution of air temperature in Yunnan,the law of longitudinal distribution of air temperature is obvious and the spatial distribution is very zonally asymmetry;(2)under the effect .

结果表明：(1)纵向岭谷地形的"阻隔—通道"作用，使云南温度的纬向分布规律被破坏，经向分布规律比较明显，空间分布极不均匀；(2)纵向岭谷作用下云南热量地域分布差异显著，南部热量丰富，北部欠缺，西部比东部丰富，河谷地区热量最丰富，滇西北及山区热量最贫乏；(3)6、7月热量最丰沛，1月最为贫乏，春季热量好于秋季；(4)近30 a云南年平均气温有明显的上升趋势，存在明显的7 a、11 a、18 a周期振荡；(5)云南年平均气温具有大范围位相一致的变化趋势及东部冷与西部暖的变化类型。

I. Background, intention and the scope of the studying With the development of information and communication technology, especially the development of networking technology, the consumers' way of shopping has also changed (traditional aspectant trading → purchasing for commodities and services at any time and anywhere, surpassing time and space → buying commodities in the virtual world).

一、研究背景，目的和研究范围随着信息通信技术的发展，特别是网络技术的发展在人们的日常生活与企业活动中有了很多变化。消费者的购买方式也变化了。（传统的面对面方式→超越时间与空间随时随地可以购买商品-在虚拟世界中购买商品）。这样的发展环境下电子交易成为了21世纪世界交易的新趋向。随着通信技术与电脑技术的飞跃发展出现了没有时空限制的新交易类型，而这种类型的新交易实现了交易的多样化，大量化，信用化，国际化等。

It was suggested that the microclimate's edge influence depth at the interface of farmland and forest ecotone in west Jilin varied with time and space, and depended on the vegetation's aspection at the two sides of the interface and the intensity of human disturbance.

说明在农林边界，小气候影响域存在着时空变化，其范围取决于边界两侧植被的季相变化和人为干扰的强度。

Focal error signal of pickup head is achieved according to the Astigmatical principle, and that the optical non-contact probe system with the measurement ranges of 2um and the measurement uncertainty of 1.1nm is obtained. This probe system is immune to the variation of reflective ratios and curvature on the surfaces of samples via improvement of the signal process method.

其中根据光学象散原理得到激光读取头的聚焦误差信号，从而获得测量范围为2μm，测量不确定度可达1.1nm的光学非接触探头系统，通过改进信号处理方式，此探头系统可不受材料表面反射率变化的影响，并允许样品表面存在一定的曲率变化。

The surface subsidence in the Yellow River delta foreland area brings changes to the land surface height there,and the depth datum in the bathymetric survey is determined on the basis of the level of land bench mark,so the changes in the level of land bench mark will affect the determination of depth datum and the accuracy of bathymetric survey.

又由于黄河海港附近有一无潮点，其附近的潮汐性质变化大，在黄河三角洲前沿大范围水深测量中，根据测区潮位变化设立足够的验潮站及统一各个验潮站的水尺零点到同一个深度基准面上，是保证水深测量结果可靠的关键。

The journal established in 1991, focuses on the field of macroecology: the study of broad, consistent patterns in the ecological characteristics of organisms and ecosystems, including studies addressing general ecological hypotheses, exploring and testing using data of broad geographic, taxonomic, or temporal scope; studies documenting ecological and biogeographic patterns, theoretical studies exploring the causes of those patterns, applied studies of impacts of anthropogenic influences, as well as methodological studies of the tools used to study these problems; broad-scale patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem responses to global climate change, historical and evolutionary biogeography, remote sensing of ecosystem properties, species abundance and species range patters, and statistical methodologies.

杂志创刊于1991年，主要致力于大生态学：生物体的生态学特征和生态系统广泛一致的研究，包括介绍普通生态学假设，通过地理学，分类学，或有限范围内的数据探索和试验的研究；验证生态学和生物地理学模式的研究，探索这些模式原因的理论研究，人为影响的应用研究，以及用于研究这些问题的工具的方法学研究；大尺度生物多样性模式的研究，生态系统对全球气候变化的反应，历史和进化生物地理学，生态系统的遥测，物种的丰度和物种变化模式，以及统计学方法论。

The common feature lies in each member of the system family, and is the main source of reuse; the variable feature only lies in some members of the system family and the determinability of the scope of which determine the cost of developing the members in certain domain.

共性特征存在于领域内的每个成员系统中，是领域的主要复用源泉；变化性特征只存在于领域内的某些成员系统中，变化性特征的范围确定性决定了领域中应用系统的生产成本。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。