变化系数

The effects of electron energy on spectral reflectanc e and solar absorptance are analyzed.The results are discussed relative to the change in spectral reflectance in the near infrared wavelength region.

分析了电子能量对光谱反射系数和太阳光谱吸收系数的影响，并对红外区光谱反射系数的变化结果进行了讨论。

The nonlinear sliding mode controller is taken as an example, the implementation form of δ operator discretization control, the error analysis and the algorithms stability are studied both theoty and engineering application.

数值仿真表明，当高速开关阀的节流孔流量系数、摩擦片的磨损量、摩擦系数、传动系的弹性系数等因素在允许范围内变化时，滑模控制器的跟踪误差远低于一般的PID控制器。

On the basis of dual porosity theory,the well test interpretation model which considers the variation of krg versus the volume of liquid is also established and resolved by the implicit method numerically.

摘要通过分析凝析气藏的相图，建立了凝析液饱和度随压力降的变化规律，并回归得出了相应的公式；同时通过对气体压缩因子、黏度随压力、温度的变化，建立了这些参数和无因次压力的关系；在双重介质地层假设的基础上，建立了在试井过程中凝析气相对渗透率随凝析液饱和度变化的凝析气藏试井解释数学模型，采用隐式迭代的方法进行了求解并进行了参数敏感性分析；结果表明：凝析液的饱和度对凝析气藏试井的压力及压力导数曲线有着很大的影响，早期由于凝析液的析出，阻碍了气藏的流动，导致压力及压力导数曲线上升；在凝析液饱和度达到峰值之后，随着凝析液的挥发，凝析气的相对渗透率逐渐恢复，压力及压力导数曲线又回归到正常的径向流位置；由于裂缝和基岩之间的压力差，使得裂缝弹性储容比在测试过程中发生变化，进而影响了压力及压力导数；窜流系数和裂缝弹性储容比的变化决定了窜流段发生的早晚和程度；而基岩中气体黏度的变化使得窜流的发生稍微滞后。

The safety factor obtained with the relationship between elastic strain energy and the reduction coefficient is similar to that obtained by other traditional slope steady analyzed method.

摘 要：为分析采用强度折减法确定边坡安全系数过程中边坡弹性应变能随折减系数变化与边坡失稳破坏的内在联系，建立数值模型，记录边坡弹性应变能与折减系数关系曲线；通过对某边坡的分析，绘制弹性应变能与折减系数关系曲线。

The values obtained in thepresent study for the electron energy distribution function,drift velocity,ionizationcoefficient and attachment coefficient,etc.,are calculated and compared with theexperimental results reported in the literature,and the comparison is also carried outwith the values obtained from the two different types of fields.

应用Monte Carlo模拟法研究了氧气放电的电子参数，得到了在均匀电场中的电子能量分布、平均能量、漂移速度、电离系数、附着系数、迁移率及扩散系数随时间、电场强度的变化关系，并与文献上的实验结果进行了比较。

Secondly, in the trapezoidal channel which profile is that the base width is 20cm, the depth of channel is 20cm, the slope coefficient 1.0, and U-shaped channel which profile is that the depth of channel is 40cm, the radius of bottom circular arc, the external dip angle α of abutment wall is 8°, the article does a series of experiment researches on many of cylinder measuring flumes, such as circular, pier shaped, elliptic and diamond cylinder flumes, and discusses the variance of discharge coefficient, submergence factor, backwater height, head loss and critical submergence degree for each of cylinder measuring flume. On this basis, the article optimizes the structure shape of the cylinder measuring flume further.

然后，在底宽为20cm、渠深为35cm、边坡系数为1.0的梯形断面渠道和渠深为40cm、底部圆弧半径为15cm、边墙外倾角α=8°的U形渠道上，对圆柱形、桥墩形、椭圆柱形和菱柱形等多种柱形量水槽进行一系列的试验研究，探讨各种形式柱形量水槽的流量系数、淹没系数、壅水高度、水头损失、临界淹没度等变化规律，在此基础上，对柱形量水槽的结构形式作进一步优化分析。

Takingthe contact stress, bend stress stiffness and temperature stress as thecondition, taking the weight of the kiln tyre as optimization aim function, theredia and the width of the tyre are optimized General optimize methods justconsider the affecting of the parameters to aim function, but in fact,structural parameters(such as structure dimension, interval and so on),physics and dynamics (damp factor, conduct factor, friction factor material'selastic module strength limits and so on), which would be changed afterused.

一般的优化方法，仅仅考虑了参数对其目标函数的影响，而实际情况下有些参数是变化的，产品的结构参数、物理和力学参数如阻尼系数、传导系数、磨擦系数、材料的弹性模量和强度极限等的设计值与制造后和使用中的实际值会有差异，这种差异称为设计变量和噪声因素的变差。

Utilizing this mathematics model, we discuss the varying tendency of minimum reflectance and resonance angle under the linear and nonlinear condition. In addition, we discuss the changes of the minimum reflectance, resonance angle, nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption index verse light intensity.

利用该数学模型，讨论了线性和非线性情况下，最小反射系数和共振角的变化趋势，此外，我们还讨论了最小反射系数、共振角和折射率实部和虚部随着光强的变化。

Based on the results simulated by PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), which is developed in the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, changes of surface air temperature and precipitation under SRES B2 scenario in South China during 2071~2100 are analyzed. It is shown that, compared to baseline (1961~1990), surface air temperature in 2071~2100 would increase by 2~4℃, precipitation in summer would increase in the north part to 22°N, while the precipitation in winter would decrease in the whole areas of South China. The climate trend of the surface air temperature would be positive, however the climate trend of the precipitation would be negative, the occurrence frequency of extremely high temperature events and extremely heavy precipitation events would increase.

利用英国Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，模拟分析基于政府间气候变化专门委员会 2000年发布的《排放情景特别报告》中设计的B2情景下华南区域2071~2100年的温度和降水量的可能变化，结果显示：2071~2100年均地面温度相对于气候基准时段（1961~1990年）上升约2~4℃；华南区域未来夏季降水量在22°N以北区域较气候基准时段增加，而以南区域减少；冬季降水则表现为华南区域较气候基准时段减少。2071~2100年华南区域的温度气候趋势系数为正值，年均降水气候趋势系数为负值。2071~2100年的高温事件和强降水事件的发生频率均比气候基准时段明显增加。

The strongly negative correlation between winter sea-ice extent of Davis Strait and July rainfall of North China turns into weaker correlation.

冬季戴维斯海峡海冰面积与华北夏季及7、8月降水年际关系有明显的年代际变化特征：其与夏季总降水的年际关系由1974年前较好的负相关在1974年后变差，与7月降水的年际关系由1974年前较好的负相关在1974年后变弱，与8月降水的年际关系由1974年前较好的负相关在1974年后变差；另一方面，其与中国160站夏季及7、8月降水的年际关系在1974年前后发生变化的主要特征是：与夏季总降水、7月、8月降水的年际关系由1974年前的相关系数分布呈&东西型&变为1974年后相关系数分布呈&-+-&的&南北型&。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。