变化

The new GV preparation method we developed allowed the best visualization of chromatin distribution after Hoechst or CMA3 staining. Our results showed that GV chromatin configurations are different among different species, and thus, while chromatin condensed into a ring around the nucleolus in porcine and bovine oocytes, no such a ring was observed in caprine oocytes; Porcine oocytes were synchronized at GV1, goat oocytes at GV3n and bovine oocytes at GVf configurations before GVBD occurred, indicating that these configurations are progressive towards final maturation rather than atresia; Changes of chromatin configurations were associated with gene activity of transcription; GV chromatin configurations were affected by the environmental changes such as serum starvation and elevated temperature.

应用该技术对猪、山羊和牛不同大小、不同健康程度卵泡及体内和体外成熟过程中卵母细胞染色质构型的变化发现：1）不同动物卵母细胞染色质构型不同；猪和牛卵母细胞染色质围绕核仁凝集形成环，但山羊卵则没有此环。2）卵母细胞在GVBD之前都同步在某一染色质构型；猪同步在GV1，山羊GV3n，牛GVf，说明这些染色质构型代表着进行性变化。3）染色质构型的变化反映基因转录活动的变化。4）染色质构型受环境变化的影响。

After esterification by BTCA Acoustic properties of picea sitchensis Carr.andChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI were changed,(treated/untreated ratio):Loss tangentdecreased 10～2424% in the tangential ofpicea sitchensis Carr,9～17% and 10～22% in thetangential and radial directions of Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.Specificdynamic Young's modulesand acoustic radiation coefficient of two wood changedunremarkably,in the tangential direction with increment of ASE.Specific dynamic Young'smodulesincreased 3～9% in the radial direction.tgδ/E of decreased 9～27% intangential of picea sitchensis Carr,7～14% and 10～26% in the tangential and radial directions ofChamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI.,respectively.

BTCA酯化处理西特克云杉和美国扁柏木材的声学性能发生了变化，处理材与未处理材比值，损耗角正切tgδ：西特克云杉纵向下降10～24％，美国扁柏下降纵向9～17％，径向10～22％；比动态弹性模量E/ρ：两种树种的纵向变化均不明显，随着ASE上升变化不规则，美国扁柏径向上升3～9％；声辐射阻尼的变化类似于比动态弹性模量E/ρ的变化；tgδ/E：西特克云杉纵向下降9～27％，美国扁柏下降纵向7～14％，径向10～26％。

The influences of shortterm climatic and topographical variations to the mass balance were more heavy in this year than in other years. In the high accumulation zone, the influence of the shortterm climatical variation is greater than that of topographical one, while in the low value zone, the latter is greater than the former.

此外，年内短期气候和地形变化对物质平衡的影响均大于多年平均状态，在高值物质平衡区，气候变化对物质平衡的影响大于地形变化的影响；而在低值物质平衡区，地形变化对物质平衡的影响则大于气候变化对物质平衡的影响。

The mount of germ and fungus quantity in soil are remarkably increased for the continuous cropping about 5 years, puts the trichobacteria quantity always change tendency to reduce;The edaphon total quantity, the bacterium quantity change reduces generally above the continuous cropping 5 years and below 5 years (including 5 years) the change are not obvious;In the nitrogen physiology group by ammoniates the bacterium primarily and the quantity changes are not very big;The nitrifying bacteria quantity is lower than the comparison (non- continuous cropping), the quantity of denitrifying bacteria is opposite;The alkalinity phosphatase, the urease, invertin activeness have a closed relations with the continuous cropping when it will increase less than 5 years or decrease in more than 5 years. The relation between catalase activeness and the continuous cropping is not very big. The reduction of the invertin activeness, the alkalinity phosphatase, urease activeness have slightly elevates, catalase activeness have no the regular changes.

表现为连作条件下土壤真菌数量显著增大，放线菌数量总的变化趋势降低；土壤微生物总量、细菌数量变化在连作5年以上普遍降低，5年以下(包括5年)则变化差异不明显；氮素生理群中以氨化细菌为主，但数量变化不大；硝化细菌数量低于对照组，反硝化细菌数量则相反：多酚氧化酶、转化酶活性在5年之前逐渐上升，5年之后逐渐下降，，脲酶活性随着连作年限增加持续上升，过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性变化无规律。

Simultaneously, the total extractible myoglobin decreased and the proportion of metmyoglobin increased significantly when the pressure above 400MPa. Beef discoloration after pressure processing may result from oxidation of ferrous myoglobin to ferric metmyoglobin, globin denaturation and structural changes. At 40℃, the changes of beef color was similar to that of room temperature's. When the temperature rise to 60℃, most of muscle proteins denatured, a small quantity of native myoglobin could not affect the color of beef significantly. Therefore, protein denaturation was attributed to the main cause of discoloration in beef muscle after pressurization at 60℃.

压力处理导致色泽变化的直接原因可能是由于二价铁的肌红蛋白氧化成三价铁的高铁肌红蛋白、球蛋白的变性及结构的变化所致。40℃时的压力处理，色泽的变化规律与室温下相似，只是色泽变化的程度更为剧烈，蛋白质变性在色泽变化中起到的作用逐渐加强。60℃下的压力处理，绝大部分蛋白质发生变性，少量未变性的肌红蛋白对色泽不会产生明显的影响，此温度的压力处理，蛋白质变性是造成肌肉失去红色的主要原因。

The most serious desertification occurred in southeast of MuSu Desert,then appeared inferior degree in midst,north,south and east,anddegression degree in other directions.6.The changes of environment in Mu Su Desert in historical times havebeen controlled by climatic changes in temperature and drought-wetwithin hundreds or thousands years.At present,it came into being suchspatial structure and environmental characteristics fordesertification land because of being relative to other naturalgeographic characters and human activities.In all that,physiognomyand hiemal wind are the driving factors.The sandy matter in stratumis the physical fountain factor.The depravation of surface water inthis region is one of representations of environmental changes, meanwhile,it is also the factor which leads to the degradation ofvegetation and desertification.On the whole,human activity has actedupon these natural elements,becoming a dominant factor in the regionalenvironment changes since Ming and Qing dynasty.7.Influencing of human activities on the environment of Mu Su Deserthad occurred before Qin dynasty,and its intensity of earlier influencewas so slight that it could not cause a large scope and long timeenvironmental changes.

沙漠化的程度是东南部最强，中北部、南部和东部次之，而后向其他方向递减。6、毛乌素沙地历史时期的环境变化是受百年乃至千年尺度的气候冷暖、干湿变化控制的，之所以形成目前这样的沙漠化土地空间分布格局和环境特征，则与其地的自然地理特征和人类活动有密切关系，其中地貌及冬季风是动力因素；地层中的沙物质是物源因素；地表水环境恶化是区域环境变化的表现之一，同时又是植被退化和沙漠化的引致因素；人类活动总体上是叠加在自然因素之上的，只是明清以来在局地环境变化中成为主导因素。7、毛乌素沙地人类活动的环境影响在先秦时期就已出现，早期的影响程度是轻微的，不足以造成大范围、长时段的环境变化。

This paper reviewed the research on dynamic and balance of soil nutrient pool under long-term fertilization conditions,mainly about some active aspects which included dynamic variations of total nitrogen,available N,total phosphorus,available P,total potassium,available K,and organic carbon in soil; dynamic variations of ammonium N,amino acid N,amino sugar N,unknown N,non hydrolyzable N and microbiomass N in soil nutrient pool; changes of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P,labile organic P,moderately labile organic P,moderately stable P,highly stable P and microbiomass P in soil; changes of loosely,stably and tightly combined humus,humic and fulvic acids in soil carbon pool; effects of long-term fertilization on organic-mineral complex status in soil; nutrients cycling and balance of agricultural soil nutrients pool.

扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化，土壤有机碳含量的动态变化；铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化；Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷，活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化；土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化；长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响；农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。

Much importance has been attached to the application of laminae to deduce the changes of climates and environments in the past. Nevertheless, researches on the changes of laminae and the development of lacustrine physicochemical properties on the basis of periodic changes of climate remain to be conducted.

总之，纹层或页岩沉积的变化与气候的变化密切相关，利用纹层中的沉积信息研究气候和环境变化早已引起人们的重视，但以气候的周期性变化为主控因素来探讨纹层的变化和湖水的物理化学性质演化还有待开展。

Through seawater pCO_2 time series observations along with the surface water chemistry, we observed significant diurnal changes of surface pCO_2 ranging from -10μatm in the oligotrophic SCS, 50-150 uatm in Xiamen Bay and Shenhu Bay, up to as high as 600μatm in the coral reef system at Xisha Islands. Processes that modulate the pCO_2 diurnal variations are significantly different between sites, which can be grouped into three categories: temperature control, tide / current control and biological control.

我们的实验结果表明，所有观测区域均表现出显著的pCO_2周日变化，变化幅度从-10μatm到600μatm不等，其中，南海北部寡营养盐开阔海域的pCO_2变化幅度约为10μatm，以厦门湾、深沪湾为代表的海湾河口区域的pCO_2变化幅度为50-150μatm，而西沙群岛珊瑚礁生态系统的pCO_2的周日变化幅度高达600μatm以上。

New Zealand white rabbits (3-4 months old, 3-4 kg weight) were the test animals, and they were divided into three groups proceeding in this study. In group A:One PLLA screw and one commercial screw were implanted in the right tibia. Two PLLA screws were implanted in the left. Furthermore, one PLLA bar was implanted in both right and left tibia respectively with onlay model in group B. Also,one PLLA plate was implanted in the left tibia and one commercial plate in the right respectively with onlay model in group C . Many tests were done on each sample in 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks which included the observation of tissue response in group A, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss, molecular weight, crystallinity and morphology of fracture surface by scanning electronic microscopyin group B, and the change of three-points bending, weight loss and molecular weight in group C.

所使用实验动物为24只3-4个月大，体重3-4公斤的纽西兰兔，并将所使用材料及动物分为A、B、C三组进行。A组中於实验兔之右胫骨植入两支骨钉，一支为自制骨钉，一支为MacroPore市售骨钉，并钻一孔但不植入骨钉做为控制组；另於实验兔之左胫骨植入两支自制骨钉，另标示一区不钻孔不植入骨钉做为控制组。B组采用onlay1 模式於实验兔之左右胫骨各植入一自制长型片。C组也采用onlay模式於实验兔之左胫骨植入一自制骨板，於右胫骨植入一市售骨板，各於不同时间点( 1， 4及12周)将A及C组，而於( 1，4，8及12周)将B组内的植入物取出进行各种测试，包括A组的组织切片观察及B组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化、结晶度变化及扫描式电子显微镜观察断面型态改变及C组的三点弯曲变化、质量损失、分子量变化。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。