变动

Because of the exclusiveness and the noncompetitive of public goods, the general viewpoint regards that government should provide them to solve market failure, but with the increase of the per capita income, the change of industrial structure and the continuous change of the values of people, they proposed higher requirement to the supply of public goods, but the deficiency of governmental financial, the low efficiency of governmental operation leads to the severe deficiency of public goods.

由于公共产品的非排他性和非竞争性，一般观点认为公共产品应该由政府提供以解决市场失灵，但是随着我国人均收入的增加、产业结构的变动以及人们价值观的不断变化，人们对公共产品的供给提出了更多和更高的要求，而政府财力不足、政府运营公共资金的低效率又导致政府提供的公共产品严重不足，这种矛盾构成了当前我国公共产品供给的主要矛盾。

The effect of tax rates on tax revenues depends on the responsiveness of labor supply to changes in tax rates and on the extent of substitution between taxable and nontaxable forms of income..

税率对税收收入的影响，取决于个人行为对税率变动地反应，以及课税所得形式和不课税所得形式间地替代程度。

This thesis introduces the conceptions of civil society and recognizing frame on contemporary China into city planning. It illustrates three great changes of Chinese classes in the history and influences on Chinese civil society by the class diversify in the transforming period. And discusses the influences on plaza space design in constructing civil society from the views of noumenalism and essentialism.

文章将中国学术界八十年代下半叶开始接触的市民社会理念及其认识当代中国的分析框架引入城市规划领域，并阐述了历史上中国阶层阶级的三次重大变动及转型时期阶层分化对中国市民社会建构的影响；从本体论和本质论两个角度探讨了市民社会之建构对广场空间设计的影响。

We can't agree with the alterati ons and amendments to the contract.

我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。

The primary forms of interest rate risk to which banks are typically exposed are:(1) repricing risk, which arises from timing differences in the maturity and repricing of bank assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet positions;(2) yield curve risk , which arises from changes in the slope and shape of the yield curve;(3) basis risk, which arises from imperfect correlation in the adjustment of the rates earned and paid on different instruments with otherwise similar repricing characteristics; and (4) optionality, which arises from the expressed or implied options imbedded in many bank assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet portfolios.

银行面对的利率风险主要表现为以下几种形式：（1）再定价风险，它产生于银行资产、负债和表外业务的期限不匹配和利率调整的幅度不一致；（2）收益曲线风险，它产生于收益曲线的斜率和形状发生的变化；（3）基本点风险，与再定价风险相似，它主要来自对不同金融工具收取和支付的利率不成比率的变动；（4）选择权，它产生于银行资产、负债、表外业务中存在的或明或暗的选择权。

Erb's palsy: Disruption of the normal movements of the newborn infant's arms and hands, frequently due to nerve injury resulting from the overdistention of the baby's head during birth.

雇员再培训局的麻痹：扰乱正常的变动，新生婴儿的双臂和双手，经常因神经损伤造成的，从overdistention的婴儿的头部在胎儿出生。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

To avoid the increase, you will need to order soon. We will honor current pricing for all Volvo Penta orders placed prior to 3 pm EST on Thursday July 31, 2008. You should know that individual prices may rise more sharply than 4.1%, so if you know you need parts, it might be prudent to make purchases before the increase and avoid disappointment later.

从8月1日起，我司或将随之涨价，提醒大家的是，部分产品的调价幅度将超过4.1%，所以涨价之后的采购大家要谨慎，因为你最终的采购价格或许不是我们目前网站公布的价格，也就是说，收到你的定单之后，我们须与国外供货商重新确认价格和货期变动情况，要是这样的出入给你造成不便，我们深表歉意。

Beijing School and Shanghai School was considered to be the style , purport different schools in the past and really had difference nature .But I think except outside the difference of comparison in cultural cause , region demarcation line , spiritual purport which have done by the forefathers. As two literature groups stood side by side ,there are some certain communicating places on the psychological perspection of the modern Chinese which are always in change.

京海派以往被认为是风格、旨趣不同的流派而的确存在差异性，但我想除了如前人所做的在文化因缘、地域界限、精神旨趣方面的比较的差异性之外，两个流派作为共时性的文学流派，在对其时处于变动中的中国的现代人的心理透视方面有着一定的相通之处。

Movements such as effleurage work over the skin with the palm of the hand producing relaxation , whereas movements like petrissage work deeply .

全身按摩技术，涉及序列的变动工作，表面上和更深的组织层。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。