变分法

The control volume integration was applied to deduce the discrete expressions of the convection-diffusion equations. The staggered grid and SIMPLE algorithm were introduced to deal with coupling between pressure and velocity, and then the numerical computation expressions of such variables as fluid flow velocity and pressure were deduced. Using the backward difference method and incremental theory to discretize the governing equations for fields of chemical reaction, material structure and chemorheology, the numerical computation expressions of variables such as the monomer conversion, average molecular weight and fluid viscosity were constructed.

应用控制容积积分法导出了对流—扩散方程的离散表达式，引入交错网格技术与SIMPLE算法，实现了耦合的压力场与速度场的分离式求解，推导得到了流体的流动速度、压力等物理量的数值计算式；采用向后差分方法和增量方法，实现了化学反应场、材料结构场、化学流变场控制方程的离散，获得了反应转化率、聚合物平均相对分子质量、流体黏度等物理量的数值计算式。

Those equations are dispersed in space by iso-parameter elementmethod and in time by using backward difference. A numerical simulator is established byFortran, the ideas of high part make the of structure program clear, maintain easy, calculationeffective.

在此基础上利用Fortran语言编制了有限元方法的油藏模拟器，采用等参元对渗流方程在空间上离散，采用向后差分在时间上离散，线性方程组的求解采用变带宽高斯消去法，该方法充分利用刚度矩阵呈条带状和其对称性的特点，大大减少了所需存储空间。

The grids can be densified locally where the flow is complicated for the sharp change of water depth.(5) 2-D hydrodynamic equations in the generalized curvilinear coordinates have been derived with the contravariant velocities as main variables. The new equations keep the original styles and physical meanings. Based on the water depth correction method, the 2-D flow numerical model has been established and validated by the measured data.

推导了广义曲线坐标系下以逆变流速张量作为主变量的二维水动力方程，新方程保持原有结构形式及物理含义，采用水位校正法建立了二维水流数学模型，经实测资料验证后的模型，模拟并分析了分流角度、宽深比等因素变化对分汊流平面二维水流结构的影响。

Because the equation is a various coefficients second-order parabolical partial differential equation,explicit difference formats usually have high condition for stability. Implicit difference formats have good stability,but they must calculate a set of algebraic equations,which are too complex.

由于泥沙扩散方程是一个二维变系数的抛物型方程，对于多维的方程，显格式往往稳定性要求很高，而隐格式虽然稳定性较好，但它要解大型的代数方程组，工作量也非常大，为了克服这两种格式的不足，常用ADI法求解，但仍存在一些计算量偏大等不足之处，因此构造出更好的差分格式是有必要的。

In past logging modeling, conductivity is generally assumed homogeneous in each rectangle element or invariable in z direction or piecewise homogeneous in z direction.

以往电测井有限单元法的数值计算中往往假定电导率分块均匀，或者在纵向分段均匀，或者在纵向上不变。

According to the different compensatory objects, this paper took a project which based on symmetry components to compensate. When SVC is used as the system compensatory, it is mainly used to adjust the system voltage. Therefore, the balanced control strategy is adopted. When SVC is used as the load compensatory, it is mainly used to restrain the voltage fluctuation and flash during the running of the impactive loads,so the unbalanced control strategy is adopted. According to this project, the hardware and software for the control system of SVC are designed.

本文首先分析了无功补偿的基本原理，针对SVC补偿对象的不同，采用一种基于对称分量法的SVC分相补偿方案：作为系统补偿时，SVC主要用来调节系统电压，因此采用平衡控制策略；而作为负荷补偿时，SVC主要用来抑止冲击性负荷运行时引起的电压剧烈波动和闪变，因此采用不平衡控制策略，依据此方案，对SVC控制系统的软、硬件进行设计，对控制系统的数据处理方法及控制策略也进行了详细的分析。

Make up 40% sugar juice now, using sugar volume and raw material to compare is 1: 0.7, 0.2% citric acid are added in sugar juice, because watermelon skin organization is harder, can appear candy law to heat with boil make, cast the watermelon skin that cent has cut into to boil make, it is OK to begin big a crucial moment heats, make its fast evaporate moisture, boil raw material to become transparent all the time, when sugar juice concentrates ceaselessly and showing syrup, should be to use small fire to undertake heating, lest produce anxious saccharify to make product darkly Brown, determine sugar juice chroma is achieved 70% when should stop to heat.

现配制40%糖液，用糖量与原料比是1：0.7，在糖液中加入0.2%柠檬酸，因西瓜皮组织比较坚硬，可用一次透糖法加热煮制，把分切好的西瓜皮投进一起煮制，开始可以大火候加热，让其快速蒸发水分，一直煮到原料变得透明，糖液不断浓缩而呈糖浆时，应是用小火进行加热，以免产生焦糖化使产品呈黑褐色，测定糖液浓度达到70%时就应停止加热。

In modern researches on the grain-size characteristics of lake sediments, the methods of incertical dividing sediments grain-size have no rigorous mathematical theory to support. To resolve this omission, the case of pollen zonation was taken for reference. 338 samples measured by Mastersizer 2000 from DG02 core of Gahai lake in Qaidam Basin were studied. Considering the clustering results of sequential clusters did not change the sequence of samples, tilia software package was used to divide the dividing sediments grain-size.

针对现阶段湖泊沉积物粒度特征研究中垂直剖面分层方法所存在的数学方法的不足，借鉴孢粉分带比较成熟的案例，应用有序聚类法中次序不变的特点，以柴达木盆地尕海湖DG02钻孔338个经激光粒度仪测试的样品为研究对象，在有序聚类的数学理论基础上，借助Tilia软件将湖泊沉积物垂直剖面进行分层。

On the side of exterior deformation monitoring, this dissertation proposes and proves the utility monitoring scheme by using general ground monitoring technology and the method of simplification differentiation polar coordinate survey for large span space structure deformation monitoring. On the side of stress measurement, this dissertation proposes an new method of stress measurement suit for mass concrete triangular frame and discusses shrinkage and creep of concrete how to influence stress measurement, and sets up finally a process how to calculate concrete stress through data for piano wire sensors. Finally, on the side of cable forces measurement, this dissertation discusses principle and measurement technology of frequency method.

在外部变形测量方面，本文提出并验证了一套利用常规地面监测技术监测大跨度空间结构几何变形的实用方案及一种简化的差分极坐标测量方法；在应力测量方面，本文提出了一种适用于大型混凝土三角刚架应力监测的新方法，研究了混凝土的收缩徐变对应力测量的影响，并在此基础上建立了一套由振弦式传感器的测试数据推算混凝土结构应力的流程；在索力测量方面，本文探讨了频率法测量索力的原理及实用测量技术。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。