变冷

The models and numerical method for the prediction of precooling and starting process of LOX/LH〓 rocket engine were systematically developed in this thesis with the emphasis on cryogenic thermodynamics and full range regime description.

本文以分级燃烧动力循环液氢液氧发动机的研制为背景，针对预冷与起动过程低温热流体动力学现象和大范围变工况特点，系统地研究了预冷与起动过程计算的模型与数值方法。

Engineering thermophysics; Sodium acetate trihydrate; Supercooling; Phase change; Temperature curve for step cooling

工程热物理；三水醋酸钠；过冷；相变；步冷温度曲线

It is shown that solvents may be classified by its effect into the active solvent and unactive solvent, and then, according to change of cold crystal peak area, effects of unactive solvents on the PET may be classified into three types: unchanged, reduced behind time and quickly reduced.

同时，对于非反应性的作用，依冷结晶峰面积的变化，又可分为三种类型：冷结晶峰面积不变，经诱导期后下降，无诱导期而迅速下降。

It is necessary for two kinds of controlled cooling processing to possess air cooling phase to separate ferrite from austenite, and, by means of this, polygonal ferrite forms, the carbon concentration of the retained austenite untransformed increases and results in the stability of retained austenite increased.

在二种冷却方式轧后控冷的过程中，必须有一个α/γ二相分离的空冷阶段，使多边形铁素体形成，未相变奥氏体中碳浓度增高，其稳定性增强。

Results:The volume of loop morphology scores,blood flour condition scores and total multiple scores all were increased,the blood condition slowed,and the volume of microlocal blood flow were decreased after cold stimulation.

结果：甲襞冷刺激后较实验前微循环流态变慢，管襻形态、血液流态和总积分值均增大，微区血流量减少，并随冷刺激时间的延长，变化更为明显。

Cold-storage characteristic ; interface of phase ; high temperature phase-change material cold storage air conditioner

蓄冷特性；相界面；高温相变材料；蓄冷空调

Further influences of different initial cryoprobe surface temperature and medium temperature on the freezing process are studied.

并进一步分析了冷刀壁面保持恒定降温速率时，不同介质初始温度和冷刀壁面初始温度对相变区发展过程的影响。

Before conducting the study, students believed that Heat could not influence gas and liquid volume.Matter didn't have thermal expansion. Metal ring's diameter will shrink after heating. The melting quantity of salt is much quicker and faster than sugar in the same temperature or water. Only metals can conduct heat, but not wood, glass, plastics. The quantity of heat is by steam way disappearing.

一、学童对「物质与热」的迷思概念有：(1)「热对气体、液体体积不会有影响」的概念，(2)听过热胀冷缩的语词，但是对原因不明了，(3)金属双圆环加热后，内环孔的口径会变小，(4)同温度且等量水，盐的溶解量比糖多、也比糖快；(5)木材、塑胶、玻璃不会传热，金属才会传热；(6)以为热量是以水蒸气方式散失，(7)冷气机应安装在高处，冷房效果较佳；(8)误认为金属是良好的保温材质。

Topological optimization system of variable density method based on finite element software;2. Interface depths inversion of potential field data with variable density model;3. According to the characteristics of the cold insulation box of Fractionating tower, it is considered that the effect of inner-filling on the construction is related with the variable density, then the relative formulation in the condition of n.

根据分馏塔保冷箱的特点，认为内填料对结构的作用与变密度有关，推导了无水平位移下的相关公式；对此结构在有水平位移下内填料的发育进行仿真分析，并将内填料的作用与结构的楼层柱的旋转角建立联系；最后根据得到的结论对分馏塔保冷箱在风与内填料作用下进行了非线性分析，得到结构的极限承载力。

Because aluminum surface unlike composite aluminum foil paper and aucilisty paper, it has a certain amount of micro-small holes, moisture penetration into the paper can be, so it is important for moisture control; and aim at aluminum sheet piling up cannot be printed matter is exhausted, the card with a maximum of 3000, because aluminum is not wear-resistant surface, piling up too much will crush India face about note aluminized paper storage time should not be too long, it is best not more than two months, for a long time will be subdivisionof with the back of the paper, the following is issued on picking flowers; by the aluminum sheet business card printing and membership card making bearing in mind that when you heat curing temperatures not too high, too high a temperature can affect aluminum surface which flowers, and too hot paper antishrinking rise on deformation is too big to post processing.

因为真空镀铝纸的暗地不像不简单铝箔纸和PET纸，它有必定的微洪不小孔，水不合可以不合泌出纸，所以不差水不合的把持不一不合重给；③真空镀铝纸的印品堆放不克不及太众，卡纸最众不超功3000张，因为真空镀铝纸的暗地不耐磨，堆放太众会压伤印背；④夺纲真空镀铝纸的不领取工夫不给太不幼，最好不给超功两个日，因为工夫不幼了暗地会跟纸的背后粘连，变成纸背发不攒；⑤真空镀铝纸的制卡和会员卡制息给夺纲冷固化时温量不给太矮，温量矮了会感化真空镀铝纸的暗地，使其变不攒，而且太冷纸张缩涨变形太不小，不差后增工感化很不小。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。