变体

The rheological character of a polymer often appears as shear-thinning. Most polymers behaviour in a solution can be explained by the polymer chain or hard sphere theory. Other than that, shear-thickening polymer solution also exists. Its behavior can be explained by dilatant theory, which suggests that the shear-thickening of the solution is due to the swelling of the polymer particles. This phenomenon often occurs in suspension or emulsion. Solution exhibits a mixed behavior can also be found whose behavior is such that shear-thinning occurs under low shear force and shear-thickening occurs under high shear force. Under this circumstance, the viscosity versus shear force graph exhibits a spoon shaped curve. The rheological study can be applied to the dispersion of paint which can predict the dispersion effect of various polymer materials in solution.

中文摘要一般高分子聚合物溶液的流变行为多半呈现剪稀(shear-thinning)的现象，而大部分的高分子在溶液中的行为是以分子链或是硬球观点来解释，另外也有剪稠(shear-thickening)现象的高分子溶液，其流变行为则是以膨胀体观点来解释，即在高剪切力下，由於高分子团体积变大而使溶液黏度升高，这在悬伏液、乳液等常见；但也有在低剪切力下，溶液具有剪稀的行为，而在高剪切力下却成现剪稠的行为，在黏度对剪切力作图时，会呈现出一个勾形曲线的图形；流变行为的探讨可应用在涂布材料的分散技术上，以推测不同的高分子溶液对分散效果的影响。

In order to analyze rheological property and establish constitutive model of Q_2 loess, a series of uniaxial creep experiments on different water content are done .The creep test curves and stress-strain isochronism curves are drawed with the result of experiments and conclusions are reached from the curves. The creep performance of Q_2 loess is different under the different stress level. In the different time the stress-strain isochronism curve has obvious inflection point namely yield stress and the yield stress reduces along with the increase of water content, which can be described by exponential function.

为了分析黄土的流变特性和建立相应的本构模型，本文首先根据对不同含水量的Q_2黄土进行的一系列单轴应力条件的室内蠕变试验结果，分析总结了Q_2黄土蠕变特征和应力—应变等时曲线特征，得出Q_2黄土在不同的应力水平下蠕变变形表现形式不同；在不同的时刻应力—应变等时曲线存在有较明显的拐点，拐点所对应的应力即为屈服应力，屈服应力随着含水量的增大而呈指数形式降低；Q_2黄土可近似看成一种线性粘弹塑性体。

The mantle-derived peridotite inclusions with protogranular texture and porphyroclastic textures;(2) the pyroxenite inclusions with cumulate texture; and (3) the granulite and gneisses with crystalloblastic textures.

辽西的深源岩石包体也有三种结构类型：①具有原生粒状结构、残碎斑结构的幔源橄榄岩类岩石包体；②具有堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体；③具有变晶结构的麻粒岩和片麻岩类岩石包体。

The fluid inclusions of Shalagang antimony are composed of gas and liquidfacies. The composition of gas facies is CO2 and vapor, and the liquid facies is brinesolution. The homogeneous temperature of inclusions is between 135℃～290℃,according to the forming temperature of stibnite. And the salinity of inclusions is0.53～12.58wt%NaCl.

沙拉岗锑矿床流体包裹体以气液两相为主，气相成分为CO2和水蒸气，液相成分为盐水溶液；包裹体均一温度在135℃～290℃之间，与辉锑矿形成温度相吻合；包裹体盐度变化为0.53～12.58wt%NaCl，总体属低温低盐度包裹体。

Astasia longa, a colorless and saprophytic species that retains its proplastid structure and a relic of plastid DNA, permanently loses the capability to develop chloroplasts from proplasts.

无色、腐生型的长变胞藻具有原质体结构和质体DNA的残余，永久性地失去了由原质体发育成为色素体的能力。

The harzburgite inclusions in western Liaoning could be relicts of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites; the amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolites could be representative of Phanerozoic accreted lithospheric mantle; the pyroxenite xenoliths with cumulate textures would be the cumulates of magma derived from asthenosphere in the upper mantle; the granulite and gneisses with crystalloblastic textures could be derived from the lower crust in the region.

辽西尖晶石方辉橄榄岩为地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的残留体；含角闪石的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩可能代表了显生宙新增生的岩石圈地幔；具有堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为源于软流圈的母岩浆在上地幔顶部的堆积层；而具有变晶结构的麻粒岩和片麻岩类岩石包体则代表了本区下部地壳的物质组成，是岩浆上升过程中捕虏的深部地壳岩石包体。

As there were 8.69 bivalents in average occurred to be desynaptic, moreover, the most number of the desynaptic bivalents reached 12 at post diakinsis.

从品种轮回422的群体中发现一不育单株，经细胞学观察证明是发生了联会消失突变，由于该植株的花粉母细胞在减数分裂终变期晚期平均有8.69个二价体发生了联会消失，占二价体总数的72.4%，并且发生联会消失的最多二价体数目为12，根据联会消失的最多二价体数目

This work, concentrated on the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes controlled by different chiral auxiliaries prepared from rotational pure tartaric acid, can be divided into three parts.The first part aims to review the developments of chiral drugs and asymmetric synthesis, from which derived the present research topic backgrounds and works.Synthesis and applications of allylation from aldehydes are the second part of the thesis. By optimizing the reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, time and chiral auxiliaries like N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide, N,N\'-p-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dichlorophenyl tartamide, N,N\'-a-dinaphyl tartamide, N,N\'-dicyclohexyl tartamide and N,N\'-diphenyl tartamide, ideal experimenttal conditions are obtained according to HPLC monitoring, as well as the auxiliaries\' recoveries experiments. Starting from benzaldehyde and 3-bromopropaldehyde, N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide is considered the best auxiliary in this reaction.

本文介绍了醛的不对称烯丙基化反应，以光学纯酒石酸为原料，研究了不同构型手性配体在醛的烯丙基化反应中的立体选择性，全文共分三部分十个章节：第一部分对当前手性药物和手性技术进行了概述，并由此展开了本文的研究背景和任务；第二部分为有机合成部分，对醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了深入探讨，以苯甲醛为原料对反应条件进行优化，在优化的反应条件下对制备的七种可回收手性酰胺配体(N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺、N-对甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻氯苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-a-萘基酒石酸二酰胺、N-环己基酒石酸二酰胺和N-苯基酒石酸二酰胺)进行筛选，优化配体回收实验条件，最终确定出N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺在苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应中具有较大优越性，结晶回收的手性配体光学纯度保持不变。

The results from statistic data analysis using the statistic software SPSS15.0 for descriptive statistics, chi-square evaluation, laddered logistic regression, factors analysis, credibility analysis, variables analysis, and multiple comparison are as follows: I. An analysis of the prominently related variables with whether or not to receive cervical smear screen of tendency factors, enabling factors and needs factors by using the logistic regression model was performed.: 6 variables of tendency factors with predictive value as to whether a woman receive cervical smear screen or not include age, marital status, educational level, family structure, religion, and the knowledge of free smear examination offered by mandatory citizen health insurance; 4 variables with enabling factors with predictive value include average monthly income, district, whether receiving telephone or letter notices in the past year, and the degree of convenience of the examination location. One variable of needs factors with predictive value: is the suitability of the examination time notified. The accuracy rate of laddered logistic regression model built by this research was 74.1%.

利用统计软体SPSS15.0进行描述性统计、卡方检定、阶层式逻辑斯回归、因素分析、信度分析、变异数分析、多重比较等统计方法分析，根据统计资料分析结果：经卡方检定后，将倾向、能用、需要因素中具有显著相关变项与是否接受抹片检查，放入逻辑斯回归预测模型中，本研究结果发现：倾向因素中的六个变项：年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭结构、宗教信仰、是否知道健保提供免费抹片检查对受检与否具有预测力；能用因素中的四个变项：平均月收入、地区别、过去一年内是否接到电话或信函通知、收到通知的受检地点是否方便对受检与否具有预测力；需要因素中的一个变项：收到通知的受检时间是否合适对受检与否具有预测力；本研究所建立的阶层逻辑斯回归模型的整体预测正确率为74.1﹪。

Xiaowan arch dam site has excellent topographic conditions, while geological structures in both abutments are complex, such as, faults, altered rock, mantle rock, etc.

在建的小湾水电站坝址具备修建高拱坝的优越地形条件，但地处西南地区著名的&三江构造带&的南段，地质构造较复杂，坝基及坝肩抗力体内存在部分断层、蚀变岩体和卸荷、风化岩体等地质缺陷，将引起两岸坝肩岩体变形不对称、压缩变形量增大以及坝肩局部岩体承载能力低，直接影响到拱坝与地基系统的正常运行和整体稳定安全性。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。