受...影响

Chapter Two illustrates the nature of the international guarantee.At first,the writer analyses the meaning of collateral nature and its theoretical basis.Thewriter points out that in order to reinforce the protection of the guarantor'sinterest,the guarantee is located as collateral guarantee in all countries'traditional legislation.In other words,the validity of the guarantee contract isdetermined by the underlying contract,i.e.if the underlying contract isestablished,the guarantee contract is established,too;if the underlying contract isvalid,and the guarantee contract is valid too.It is true,otherwise.But thedoctrine of autonomy of private law dominates the civil law and commercial lawin all the countries,so the parties are permitted to alter the collateral nature of theguarantee by an agreement under the related laws worldwide.so the collateralnature of the guarantee is not the compulsory nature of the law.This lays a solidfoundation for the emerging of the independent guarantee.The writer thenanalyses the meaning of independence and the cause of the booming of theindependent guarantee.In fact,the independent guarantee was originated fromthe change of the collateral nature by the parties contract.As a result,the validityof the contract of independent guarantee is not determined by the underlyingcontract as the collateral guarantee,But the validity of the independent guaranteecontract is independent from the underlying contract,the establishment and thevalidity of the contract of independent guarantee are not subjected to theunderlying contract.

第二章对国际信用担保的法律属性进行了论述，首先分析了从属性的含义及其理论基础，指出虽然各国传统立法为了加强对保证人利益的保护，都将信用担保定位于从属保证，即保证合同的效力取决于主合同的效力，主合同成立，保证合同也成立，主合同生效，保证合同也生效；主合同不成立，保证合同也不成立，主合同不生效，保证合同也不生效，但是由于私法自治的精神主导着各国的民商法领域，各国立法都允许当事人通过合同约定对信用担保的从属性进行改变，所以保证的从属性从来就不是信用担保制度的法律强制属性，这也为独立保证制度的出现奠定了制度前提；其次分析了独立性的含义以及独立保证兴起的原因，独立保证实际上就是当事人通过合同约定对保证从属性的改变，使独立保证合同的效力不再象从属保证合同的效力那样取决于主合同的效力，而是使独立保证合同的效力独立于主合同的效力，独立保证合同成立不因主合同的不成立而受影响，也不因主合同的无效而无效。

But as to our country and our race, as long as the well compacted structure of our church and state, the sanctuary, the holy of holies of that ancient law, defended by reverence, defended by power, a fortress at once and a temple, shall stand inviolate on the brow of the British Sion—as long as the British Monarchy, not more limited than fenced by the orders of the State, shall, like the proud Keep of Windsor, rising in the majesty of proportion, and girt with the double belt of its kindred and coeval towers, as long as this awful structure shall oversee and guard the subjected land—so long as the mounds and dykes of the low, fat, Bedford level will have nothing to fear from all the pickaxes of all the levellers of France.

但是对于我们国家和我们民族来说，只要我们教会和政府的结构稳固，这耶路撒冷的神殿，那个最神圣的古老的法律，用我们的敬畏之心和力量来保护，一座堡垒和一座神殿马上就可以在&不列颠的锡安山&的前沿建立起来——只要不列颠的君主，不逾越这个国家的秩序界限，就像那个值得自豪的逐渐形成的王权的&温莎的遵守&，并且用同民族和同时代两条纽带将我们系在一起做好准备，只要这种强大的结构注视和保卫着受影响的土地——只要低地建有堤坝，愚蠢的Bedford水平的人就不会害怕法兰西平均主义者手拿铁镐的示威。

Property is among the most leveraged industries in the world.

房地产是世界上最受影响的行业之一。

The biggest advantages of this fashion is that when single-phasegrouded, three-phase line voltage symmetry was not damaged, so electricity userswill not be affected.

这种接地方式最大的优点是：当发生单相接地时，三相线电压的对称性没有被破坏，所以用户有电不受影响，可维持一定长的时间，这对电网结构比较薄弱，自动化水平比较低的配电网是至关重要的。

Meanwhile God had begun to visit her with "intellectual visions and locutions", that is manifestations in which the exterior senses were in no way affected, the things seen and the words heard being directly impressed upon her mind, and giving her wonderful strength in trials, reprimanding her for unfaithfulness, and consoling her in trouble.

与此同时上帝已开始探望她与&智慧远见和含有&，即是表现在外部感官的人，绝不受影响，东西看到和听到的话直接被留下深刻印象后，她的心，并让她有美好的实力在审判工作，斥责她不信，并安慰她麻烦了。

America mainlands, Brazil etc. will be affected, with the tsunami pushing into the land as far as 15 to 20 kilometres.

美国大陆，巴西等将是受影响，当海啸推挤入土地就15到20公里。

Although there are no Medfly outbreak s in the United States right now, Australia's new policy will greatly limit the number of U. S. citrus growers affected if a Medfly outbreak occurs.

尽管目前美国没有地中海果实蝇发生，如果有发生，澳大利亚的新政策将大大地减少因此受影响的美国柑橘种植者的数量。

Depending on the type of bone cancer, an X-ray of the affected area will show unusual bone.

视乎有关类型的骨肿瘤， X光的受影响的区域会显示不寻常的骨。

Test takers in other parts of the world were not affected.

世界其他地区的考生未受影响。

In spleens from HIV-infected patients with thrombocytopenic purpura, these characteristics were unaffected.

HIV感染合并血小板减少性紫癜患者的脾脏中，这些特征不受影响。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。