取向

The four articles show the preliminarily philosophical transmutation on the view of moral between heaven and human made by Confucius on the basis of the ideas of heaven and human formed from the Xia, Shang,Western Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn period; they reveal Confucius' orientation to think which transformed the traditional heaven as dominator into the moral heaven, and transformed the relationship between the subject and the metaphysical existence from external transcendence to innerness; thus they relieve Confucius as a keen and profound thinker at that time.

本文通过对帛书易传《二三子问》、《易之义》、《要》、《缪和、昭力》四篇的分析，认为帛传四篇为孔子《易》论，其中包涵着《论语》、《孔子集语》、传世本《易传》等反映孔子思想的传世文献所隐微罕见的天人道德观念；帛传四篇表现了孔子在涵括三代以至春秋新旧天人观念的基础上对于天人内涵的初步的哲学改造，反映了孔子将传统的主宰之天转化为道德之天、并将传统的主体对于形上存在的外在超越关系转化为内在超越关系的致思取向，从而凸显了孔子作为当时敏锐而深邃的思想家的形象；帛传四篇所涵具的孔子天人道德思想补足了三代天命德政观与思孟天道性命思想之间的逻辑缺环，是经由曾子而达致《中庸》、郭店儒家简、《孟子》乃至传世本《易传》所体现的天道性命思想高峰的理论根据。

The four articles show the preliminarily philosophical transmutation on the view of moral between heaven and human made by Confucius on the basis of the ideas of heaven and human formed from the Xia, Shang, Western Zhou dynasties to the Spring and Autumn period; they reveal Confucius' orientation to think which transformed the traditional heaven as dominator into the moral heaven, and transformed the relation- ship between the subject and the metaphysical existence from external transcendence to innerness; thus they relieve Confucius as a keen and profound thinker at that time.

本文通过对帛书易传《二三子问》、《易之义》、《要》、《缪和、昭力》四篇的分析，认为帛传四篇为孔子《易》论，其中包涵着《论语》、《孔子集语》、传世本《易传》等反映孔子思想的传世文献所隐微罕见的天人道德观念；帛传四篇表现了孔子在涵括三代以至春秋新旧天人观念的基础上对于天人内涵的初步的哲学改造，反映了孔子将传统的主宰之天转化为道德之天、并将传统的主体对于形上存在的外在超越关系转化为内在超越关系的致思取向，从而凸显了孔子作为当时敏锐而深邃的思想家的形象；帛传四篇所涵具的孔子天人道德思想补足了三代天命德政观与思孟天道性命思想之间的逻辑缺环，是经由曾子而达致《中庸》、郭店儒家简、《孟子》乃至传世本《易传》所体现的天道性命思想高峰的理论根据。

In this paper, there are two innovatory points: firstly, the author defines the aim for the reform of the governments organization.

本文的创新之处主要有两点：一是在现有成果的基础重新界定了地方政府机构改革的目标价值取向。

Cellulose is a kind of innoxious natural polymer material with abundant natural resources, high polymerization degree, good molecule orientation and chemical stability.

纤维素资源丰富，是一类聚合度高、分子取向好、化学稳定性强的天然高分子材料，且具有许多合成高分子无法比拟的优良的生物相容性和生物降解性能，无毒无害。

Firstly, we should know the value orientation of " mutually benefit" that Asian Winter Games pursues. Secondly, we should add culture content institutively, promote culture quality, of the whole citizen and undertake this meeting positively.

首先，要明确承办长春亚冬会追求&共赢&的价值取向；其次，要主动增加其思想文化的含量，努力提高市民的文化素质，积极包装其赛事。

This paper analyses the instrumentally rationalized behaviour and its positive and negative aspects,and suggests countermeasures to guide students.

这种行为取向带有明显的工具主义特征。工具主义是美国实用主义哲学家杜威所创立的一种哲学，意为效果等同于真理，强调认识的工具性[1] 。

Starting from the analysis of connotation, historical origin, theoretical basis, and function, the section comes to the conclusions that the major theoretical basis of the policy is economical principle and retribution penalty theory in criminal law, that the policy includes the logical relations of being lenient at the case that deserves leniency and being strict at the case that should be strict","being interdependable and complementary in leniency and punishment", and"being integrated and modest in leniency and punishment, and that in the field of value, the relationship between the two is that criminal law is directed by criminal policy; in terms of countermeasure system, criminal law is in conformity with criminal policy; in the side of specific measures, criminal law is rectified by criminal policy, hence, establishes the corresponding theoretical basis for applying the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency to judicial practice.

该部分从宽严相济刑事政策的内涵、宽严相济刑事政策的历史发展、宽严相济刑事政策的理论根据以及宽严相济刑事政策的功能等四个方面对宽严相济刑事政策进行了解读，得出宽严相济刑事政策包含着&宽其所宽，严其所严&、&宽严相倚、宽严互补&以及&宽严交融、宽严适度&三个有机联系的方面，宽严相济刑事政策的主要理论根据是刑法学的&谦抑原则&和&刑罚报应刑论&；宽严相济刑事政策对刑事法律具有价值取向上的指导功能；对策系统上的整合功能；具体措施上校正与被校正的功能等一些结论，为更好的将宽严相济刑事政策运用到刑事司法实践中奠定了相应的理论基础。

This result can be used to explain not only the microhardness and elastic modulus of coatings changing with respect to measurement direction and locations, but also the wear mechanism of interlamellar cracking and flaking off when intense adhesion took place between wear parts during sliding.

从而解释了在压头载荷作用下，由于层间裂纹扩展的强弱不同，而使涂层的显微硬度和弹性模量的测量结果随测量方位和压头取向发生变化。

The second order parameters 〈P_2〉_λ and the values of introrse intensity Q in different shells of the droplets on 2DR boundary conditions at different reduced temperatures were calculated.

取沿向列相液晶微滴表面切向随机取向边界条件，计算了不同温度下二阶序参量〈P2〉λ和沿表面切向的内禀强度Q在液滴内不同区域的数值，发现在低温时，Q值从液滴外层到内层有逐渐减小的趋势，外层接近于1。

First of all, the gradual reform conditions that the "dual" roads dependence have lead to "short-sighted view" and "darkness" of the design of system of social insurance; Secondly, it comes from the restrictions of resources and systems set by the governmental organizations; thirdly, the internal contradictions of the government itself that caused by its self-benefit and irrationalness have made the performance of governmental responsibilities become a "dual game" and there are tropisms of internal "centralization" and external "being enterprises".

首先，存在&双重&路径依赖的渐进改革环境导致社会保险制度设计上的&短视&和&模糊&；其次，来自政府组织资源和体制上的限制；再次，政府内部存在的自利性和非理性等导致政府的自身矛盾，进而使政府责任的履行成为&双重博弃&，存在制度内部&中央化&和外部&企业化&的取向。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。