取向

They are oriented in the same reference frame as the preform.

单胞的取向平行于预制件的表面。

Calvinism provides the basic doctrinal orientation of the Reformed Churches and Presbyterianism; branches of some other Protestant denominations, such as the Baptists, have also been influenced by Calvinism.

加尔文教提供了基本的理论取向的改革，教堂和presbyterianism ；分行的一些其他新教教派，如浸信会，也受到加尔文。

Their culture connotations and functions in social development are still useful for the value orientation of present social development.

其文化内涵以及在社会发展中的功能，对当下社会发展的价值取向仍然有借鉴作用。

The reform in pretrial procedure should comform to demands of the value of fairness and efficiency.

改革审前准备程序应当以公正和效率为价值取向，在诉讼模式的选择上采辩论主义与职权进行主义相结合的模式。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

For those Chinese who are not open-minded enough, those pro-western Tibetan will be seen as traitors instead of victims to propaganda.

文化就是家庭、教育、人际关系、社交和社会风气等互相影响下所构成的价值取向，以及其成果的整合体，也就是文明。

By the direction of the electric field, the probability of the carrier transmission along the chain increases, and the probability of the carrier transmission between the chains reduced.

在取向作用下，相邻分子链趋于平行分布，从而使载流子在链内传输的概率增加，链间传输的概率减小。

Cultural theory from the metaphysical level in terms of Western culture is also a "take-ism" as the value orientation is to the Western theory as a guide, to transform traditional Oriental thinking academic, or to the East and China, to set academic ideas into the procrustean the framework of Western academic thought.

从形而上学层面的人文学说而言，对西方文化也是以"拿来主义"为价值取向，就是以西方学说为指导，来改造东方传统思想学术，或把东方和中国的学术思想削足适履地套入西方学术思想的框架。

Based on the review of the history of programmed instruction, in this paper we discussed the philosophical tropism and theoretical hypotheses on programmed instruction and held that the technological determinism and social benefit had great impact on the generation, development and fading finally.

摘 要：本文在对程序教学的发展历史进行文献综述的基础上，就程序教学的哲学取向和理论假设做了探讨，认为技术决定论和社会效益与程序教学的产生、发展乃至最终的衰落有着重要的影响。

Cognition-evaluating approach: The redefinition of cognition includes giving promise of not hurting oneself to close friends. The avoidance of cognition includes going to sleep, watching television, and staying at the beach.

认知评估取向的因应策略－分为（1）认知再界定：包括○1跟好友约定好不再伤害自己（2）认知的回避：包括○1睡觉○2看电视发呆○3到海边发呆。2。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。