取向

In a low magnetizing field the coercivity of the non-aligned magnet is higher than that of the aligned magnet; the coercivity of the sample magnetized antiparallel to the aligned direction...

低场时非取向样品比取向样品的矫顽力大，外场反平行于取向方向比平行于取向方向的矫顽力大，而在足够大的外场下二者趋于相等。

The coarsening direction and final morphology vary with stress axis orientation, the γ′precipitates in [001] orientation coarsen as rod-like structure in the direction of [001] , and those in [110] orientation coarsen in the directions of [100] and [010] to form 〓-like structure, while those in [111] orientation do not exhibit any tendency of directional coarsening, growing isotropically only by capillary-driven style.

颗粒粗化方向及形态依赖于应力轴取向，[001]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[001]方向粗化成rod结构；[110]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[100]和[010]方向长大，形成'〓'结构；而[111]取向中的γ′颗粒没有表现出沿任何方向上的定向粗化趋势，只是以毛细驱动方式各相同性长大。

Rusults Individuals in individualism culture reported higher life satisfaction than those in collectivism culture,but no sigmficant differences were found on positive or negative affect; individuals in individualism culture tended to be more idiocenrism, but hose in collectivism culture tended to be more allocentrism; the congruence between individual and ecological culture led to higher SWB, but incongruence between individual and ecological culture did not decrease individuals' SWB necessarily. The oriemtations of harmony and self concern predicted SWB across different cultures.

结果 个人主义文化群的生活满意度高于集体主义文化群，但在积极情感和消极情感体验上无显著文化差异；个人主义文化群表现出更高的自我中心取向，而集体主义文化群表现出更高的他人中心取向；个体文化取向与生态文化相一致是主观幸福感的重要来源，但个体文化取向与生态文化不一致并不一定会降低个体的幸福感水平。

Orientation Distribution Function reflects statistical distribution of crystals orientation in polycrystal in macrostructure. It breaks through limitation that the Pole-figure method, the inverse pole figure method which represent polycrystalline orientation distribution use one or two dimension graph and establish a three dimension space to describe the polycrystalline orientation distribution.

取向分布函数从宏观整体上反映了多晶体各晶粒取向的统计分布，它突破了传统的极图法、反极图法用一维或二维图形来描述晶体的空间取向分布的局限性，可实现晶体取向分布的三维空间描述。

Through the Raman experiment data obtained above, the order parameters were determined and the orientation distribution graphs of BY and MO in BSFs were given. BY molecules were mainly oriented towards the plane of BSFs, but there was some probability towards other directions. The phase transition of the BSF from gel-to-liquid crystal resulted in a decrease of orientation distribution along the plane of the BSF and a increase diverging from the plane.

BY分子主要沿90°方向取向，但其它方向亦有一定的取向几率；MO分子的取向分布对BSF相变的反映是其有序程度的变化，BSF从凝胶态到液晶态的相变导致MO分子沿90°方向取向几率减小，而沿其它方向的取向几率增加，这实际对应MO分子热运动程度的增加。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

Thus, the first purpose of this study was to replicate and extend the previous works of two goal orientation researches and try to examine whether there is social goal will emerge in the construct of dispositional goal orientation.

因此，本研究第一个目的是延伸过去二向度目标取向的研究，试图探究国内竞技运动领域中个人目标取向的向度除了工作、自我取向外，是否也包含了社会目标取向。

The dimension of personality consists of five items including locus of control, achievement orientation, authoritarianism, machiavellism and risk taking. The five components in the dimension of job characteristics are autonomy, task identity, task importance and skill variety.

本研究在人格特质上，采用成就取向、权威取向、权术取向、风险取向及内控取向等五个构面，在工作特性上，采用自主性、变化性、完整性、重要性和回馈性等五个构面。

The investigation consists of three parts: questionnaires on learning achievement motivation and self-attribution, and the relationship between learning achievement motivation and self-attribution.

双语实验班学生的学习成就动机总体上为个我取向学习成就动机明显高于社会取向学习成就动机；⑵女生的学习成就动机无论在社会取向上还是个我取向上，都明显高于男生；⑶实验班学生的学习成就动机发展平稳，各年级间的社会取向学习成就动机与个我取向学习成就动机差异均不明显；⑷高分组学生的总体学习成就动机高于低分组学生，且在个我取向学习成就动机上差异显著。2。

Chapter3: The methodology of physical self. The correlation perspective, trait perspective, psychodynamic perspective, social cognitive and empirical perspectives were discussed as the main methodology of researching physical self.

第三章 身体自我的研究方法探讨从不同研究取向如相关取向、特质取向、心理动力取向和社会认知与实验取向研究身体自我的研究方法和技术。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。