取代剂

With the increasing of the concentration of alkali, the content of insolubility of the product reduces initially but increases later, the DS of product increases initially then reduces later. The product has good solubility and high DS at 10% content of alkali. The insoluble product reduces at initially and then keeps stability later with the time of basification extending. With the increasing of the content of water in system, theinsolubility of the product reduces initially and then increases later.

随着碱浓度的增加，产物中水不溶物含量先降低后增加，取代度先上升后下降，在10％时，水溶性最好，取代度最高；延长碱化时间，产物中水不溶物含量下降，之后趋于稳定；提高反应体系中水的含量，产物中水不溶物含量先降低后增加，在7％时，水溶性最好，延长分散时间，产物中水不溶物含量下降，取代度提高；醚化剂以少量多次的方式滴加，产物水溶性好。

Uses most early the ferric oxide sweetening agent for the bog ore and the artificial ferric oxide, for increases its factor of porosity, the sweetening agent take the sawdust as the stopping, again sprays the right amount water and the few white lime, sun-dries repeatedly makes, its PH value is generally about 8-9, this kind of sweetening agent desulphurization efficiency is low, must outside the tower regenerate, the regeneration difficulty, then is substituted for soon by other sweetening agents.

最早使用的氧化铁脱硫剂为沼铁矿和人工氧化铁，为增加其孔隙率，脱硫剂以木屑为填充料，再喷洒适量的水和少量熟石灰，反复翻晒制成，其PH值一般为8-9左右，该种脱硫剂脱硫效率较低，必须塔外再生，再生困难，不久便被其他脱硫剂所取代。

Second, plasticizers industry trends: the main production of plasticizer tends to continuous large-scale production, and special plasticizers tend to many varieties, small batch intermittent production; products, traditional, low-cost, security risk phthalate plasticizers are being new, safe but relatively high prices of citric acid ester plasticizers, trimellitic acid plasticizer replaced this trend performance in foreign markets significantly, and domestic prices because of factors, phthalate plasticizers will be substantial use.

二、增塑剂行业发展趋势：生产方面主增塑剂趋于连续化大生产，而特殊增塑剂趋于多品种、小批量间歇生产；产品方面，传统的、廉价的、安全风险大的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂正在被新型的、安全的但价格相对较高的柠檬酸酯增塑剂、偏苯三酸类增塑剂所取代，这一趋势在国外市场表现显著，而国内由于价格因素，邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂仍将被大量使用。

The molecular charge distribution of the reactivator is affect the reactivating efficacy directly. Moreover its association with hydroximic acid dissociation constant pAa closely, and it will have a great impact on reactivating ability indirectly.(3) There is likely to exist front molecular interaction between Cholinesterase Reactivators and OPC-inhibited AChE, the action sites mainly lie on the aromatic ring, the substitute R and the hydroixic acid group. They act on the aromatic residues of AChE by Π-Π conjugation .(4) The reached results by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis is useful to design new higher efficacy derivatives for 1, 2, 4-oxadiazole class nonquaternary Cholinesterase Reactivators.

2复能剂分子的电荷分布直接影响复活活性，同时对肟酸解离常数pKa具有重要影响，间接影响复活能力；(3)复能剂与磷酰化酶可能存在前线轨道作用，作用部位可能主要在芳香环及其取代基R和肟基上，与AchE的芳香族残基发生л-л电子作用；(4)通过比较分子力场法研究可以指导1，2，4-oxadiazole类非季铵肟胆碱酯酶重活化剂新化合物的合成，可能得到活性更高的复能剂。

From the calculations, it can be found that the van der Waals interactions, the hydrophobic interactions, as well as the H-bonding interactions are crucial for the ligand binding. The 4-phenylamino group can produce strong van der Waals adn hydrophobic interactions with the nonpolar side chains of the residues deep in the binding cleft. The R^1 and R^2 substituents on the bicyclic chromophore can also produce strong van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions with the residues located at the exterior part of the binding pocket. Moreover, the two N atoms of the quinazoline can form H-bonds with EGFR, which will produce significant contribution to biological activities. The calculated nonbonded interactions between anilinoquinazolines and EGFR, as well as the information obtained from the predicted complexes, can interpret the structure-activities of the inhibitors well, which can afford us important information for structure-based drug design.

从模拟结果得到的抑制剂和靶酶之间的相互作用模式表明范德华相互作用、疏水相互作用以及氢键相互作用对抑制剂的活性都有重要的影响，抑制剂的苯胺部分位于活性口袋的底部，能够与受体残基的非极性侧链产生很强的范德华和疏水相互作用，抑制剂双环上的取代基团也能和活性口袋外部的部分残基形成一定的范德华和疏水性相互作用，而抑制剂喹唑啉环上的氮原子能和周围的残基形成较强的氢键相互作用，对抑制剂的活性有较大的影响，计算得到抑制剂和靶酶之间的非键相互作用能以及抑制剂和靶酶之间的相互作用信息能够很好地解释抑制剂活性和结构的关系，为全新抑制剂的设计提供了重要的结构信息。

In more than 20 years,Tianjin General Fiberglass Plant has eliminated three public hazards:128 500t waste glass fibers recycled for marble making,with an earning of 17.31 million yuan;2360t very toxic white arsenic replaced by cerium oxide as refining agent;3800t plasticizer recycled to save 5.6 million yuan.

天津市玻璃纤维总厂20多年来，消除了三大公害：一是玻纤废丝28 500 t回收制球，节约创效1 731万元；二是用氧化铈取代剧毒的白砒作澄清剂，累计取代360 t；三是增塑剂回收800 t，节约560万元。

In this paper, starch was used as a char forming agent to all or partly replace pentaerythitol in Intumescent Flame Retardants, and investigated to effect on thermal degradation and flame retardancy of polyethylene intumescent system.

以淀粉作为膨胀阻燃体系中的成炭剂，取代或部分取代了膨胀型阻燃剂中的季戊四醇，研究了淀粉对膨胀阻燃剂及其与线性低密度聚乙烯膨胀体系的热降解行为和阻燃性。

In the synthesis process, aluminum isopropoxide or pseudo-boehmite is used as aluminum resources, and hexacosanoic propylamine and isopropylamine or the mixture of both are used as templates, thereby realizing the purposes of single feeding adoption, relatively mild crystallization condition, suitable water-solid ratio and great template dosage reduction.

一种用杂原子取代AEL骨架结构磷铝酸盐分子筛的合成方法，该方法是以氯、钛、钴、钙、钯、锌、铈和锆等杂原子为杂原子物料来取代磷铝酸盐分子筛的AEL骨架结构，并在合成过程中以异丙醇铝或拟薄水铝石为铝源，正二丙胺、异二丙胺或两者的混合物为模板剂，从而实现采用一次投料，晶化条件相对温和，水固比适宜，模板剂用量大大下降的目的。

Naphthalene superplasticizer compared with other second-generation, third-generation POLYCARBOXYLIC superplasticizer With the improvement of quality of performance and quality.

与萘系等第二代减水剂相比，第三代聚羧酸系高效减水剂的性能与质量有了质的提高，基本能够满足高性能混凝土对减水剂的性能要求，该类产品基本具备了取代萘系减水剂的技术性能优势与经济条件。

An optically clear thermoplastic resin composition consisting essentially of: structural units derived at least one substituted or unsubstituted polycarbonate, at least greater than 30 weight percent of a substituted or unsubstituted polyester, a modified polycarbonate, an impact modifier having a refractive index in the range between about 1.51 and about 1.56 and an additive is disclosed.

公开了一种光学透明热塑性树脂组合物，该组合物基本上由以下组成：结构单元衍生的至少一种取代的或未取代的聚碳酸酯，至少大于30wt％的取代的或未取代的聚酯，改性的聚碳酸酯，折射率范围为约1.51～约1.56的抗冲改性剂和添加剂。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。