取代...

The results of the experiments show that substituted aryl ethers that containing nitro group (-NO2) are easy to take place nucleophilic substitution in the alkaline medium and then aryl etherbond is cleaved.

实验结果表明，含-NO_2的取代芳基醚，在碱性溶液中，易发生亲核取代反应，从而使芳醚键断裂。

The new chimeric infectious DNA clone and its derived, a virulent chimeric virus are constructed from the nonpathogenic PCV1 in which the immunogenic ORF gene of the pathogenic PCV2 replaces a gene of the nonpathogenic PCV1, preferably in the same position.

所述新型嵌合的传染性DNA克隆及其衍生的有毒力的嵌合病毒是用非致病性PCV1构建的，其中，致病性PCV2的免疫原性ORF基因取代了非致病性PCV1的基因，优选是在相同的位置上取代。

Nietzsche's philosophy of using the "Overman" to replace God, and our physical world to used to replace Heaven does not adequately express the true philosophy of life.

超人」取代上帝，大地取代天国的哲学还不够表达出真正的生命哲学。

Chapter 4 is the central part of this dissertation, where the bayes bilateral integrated moment is established on the base of Bayes theory, downside risk and upside potential. According to the variation coefficient which is based on the M-V approach, we substitute lower partial moment for the numerator of variation coefficient, and use higher partial moment as the substitute of the denominator, then we got bilateral integrated moment. Subsequently, through Bayes method we can absorb new information, revise the return distribution from transcendental distribution to posterior distribution, so we got bayes bilateral integrated moment.

第四章是本文的核心部分，在简要介绍Bayes理论、下方风险和上行潜能的基础上，仿照来源于Markowitz的均值——方差理论的变异系数方法，以下偏矩取代其分子部分，以上行潜能取代其分母部分，设计了双侧综合矩方法，接着再引入Bayes方法，吸纳新信息，采用后验概率，设计了Bayes双侧综合矩方法，并在理论上说明了新方法的优越性。

The effects of partial substitution of vanadium and iron for manganese, nonstoichiometry and heat treatment on alloy performances were investigated.The results showed that the alloys activation characteristics, hydrogen storage content, thermodynamic and mechanical characteristics had been improved significantly after manganese was partially substituted by vanadium and iron.

研究结果表明：V、Fe取代合金中的部分Mn元素后，合金的活化性能、吸放氢性能、热力学性能及加工性能均有明显改善。V、Fe取代TiMn_(1.5)中的部分Mn后：在353K、2MPa氢气压力的条件下，只需5分钟合金即开始迅速吸氢。

The structures and nonlinear second-order optical properties of phenothiazine derivatives substituted at nitrogen by different substituents have been studied.

研究了各种取代基在吩噻嗪的氮上取代后衍生物的结构和二阶非线性光学系数。

However, the spectral stability was increased, and the 0-1 transition and the full width at the half-maximum of photoluminescence spectra was decreased with the increase of the alkoxy length on phenylene. The nature (e.g. electron-donating and electron-withdrawing) of the substituted side groups on phenylene has obvious effect on the optical properties, QY and electrochemical properties of the polymers.

苯环上取代侧基的给吸电子性质变化对聚合物的光电性能具有全面的影响，改变取代侧基的给吸电子性质可调节芴苯共聚物的发光颜色和HOMO、LUMO能级以及HOMO-LUMO能隙等，因此，通过引入不同性质的侧基可以实现对此类聚合物光物理性能的调控。

Compared with PF6P, the attachment of alkyl or alkoxyl groups on phenylene effectively inhibits the formation of fluorenone-based excimers and thus remarkably improves the thermal stability of the spectra.3. Morphology and phase behavior of the polymers substituted with alkyl and alkoxyl groups on phenylene were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and other techniques.

一方面，未取代的PF6P薄膜和烷氧基取代苯的PF60C6薄膜在空气中退火后都产生了芴酮结构，随退火温度的升高所生成的芴酮结构的含量逐渐增大；另一方面，新的长波发射随退火温度的升高其荧光寿命明显增加，因此确定PF6P空气退火薄膜的长波发射是来源于芴酮的激基缔合物。

This complex reaction was phenolic electronic substitution reaction, so reaction rate was related with the positive electricity of pro-electronic reagent, as well as the form of aromatic hydrocarbons. Rates of chlorination of phenol and 2-monochlorophenol were faster in alkaline water than that in weak acid water, so 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol formation concentrations increased with the reaction time.

该复合反应属于酚类电子取代反应，反应速率与亲电子试剂的阳电性以及芳香烃的形式有关，碱性水环境中氯取代苯酚和2-一氯酚的速率要快于在弱酸性水环境；随着pH的升高，2，4-DCP和2，4，6-TCP的生成浓度也不断增加。

Some research and analysis on the reaction of 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene and nucleophilic reagent alcohol sodium (methyl alcohol ,ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, et hl) and the reaction choice of opposite -F in different solvent and conditions have done in this paper.

论文以2，4-二氟硝基苯为主要原料，研究了其与亲核试剂醇钠(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇等)在不同溶剂中的反应情况，讨论了在几种代表性的溶剂——醇、四氢呋喃、苯、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中亲核取代反应的情况，研究了温度、反应时间、亲核试剂、溶剂等条件对亲核取代反应的影响。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。