发酵菌的

When different strains were used to produce acidophilous milk,the acidity,viscosity,apparent quality,flavour and proteolysis of the acidophilous milk were different.

不同菌株发酵后酸奶酸度、黏度、感官、风味、蛋白质分解各不相同，最适合单株发酵的菌为3和5菌株，其次为4和6菌株，1和2菌株比较适合高酸度酸奶发酵生产。

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

The results showed that the bacteria B7 came into the logarithmic growth phase for 5 h culture. Both the fermentation liquid and its filtration could inhibit C. colhounii effectively, and the fermentation of dilution l0 times also showed significant differences compared with the control. The inhibiting effect of its fermentation media filtration was even more significant in the optimizing test, with the maximal inhibition rate of 100%. The best fermentation condition was 0.5% glucose, 0.1% ammonium muriate, without extra mineral, pH 5.4, temperature 28℃. Based on the morphological properties and 16S rRNA sequence, the bacterium B7 was identified as the Bacillus subtilis.

结果表明，该菌体在培养了5h后即进入对数生长期；B7细菌的发酵液原液和无菌滤液均能抑制病原菌的生长，其中发酵液原液的10^3稀释液的抑菌效果仍与对照之间存在显著的差异；发酵条件优化试验中发现该细菌的无菌滤液最大抑菌率达100%，最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钱0.1%、不加无机盐、pH5.4，温度28℃；结合形态学特征和16S rRNA的序列分析，将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。

Based on reviewing key techniques for bioethanol production from lignocellulose, advantages and disadvantages of various physical, chemical and biological pretreatments, along with the latest methods, were analyzed. Moreover, the characteristics of many kinds of microbes, such as their thermotolcrance and ability of pentose's usage, and the widely-used fermentation modes are also summarized in this review to provide some new ideas for ethanol production from lignocellulose.

本文在综述国内外纤维素乙醇生产关键步骤的基础上，着重分析了各种物理、化学和生物预处理的优缺点以及新兴的预处理思路，归纳了各类纤维素乙醇生产菌的特点，包括耐高温和五碳糖的利用，并介绍了当前主要的发酵方式和优化措施，以期为木质纤维素生产乙醇提供新的研究思路。

The citric acid-producing strain Aspergillus niger 2363-2, was isolated and used in our research. The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: sucrose as carbon source 8. 0-14. 0%, ammonium chloride as nitrogen source 3. 0-4. 0g/l, initial pH 2. 0, and cultural temperature 30℃. The influential factors of formation of spores were also studied, and a series of measures were taken to restrain the spore formation on the basis of our experimental results. With the consideration of the cultural environment and microbial cell itself, the factors affecting the duration of citric acid-producing activity of microbial cells were examined, and it is found that undissociated citric acid and the ageing of microbial cells are the main factors. The experimental results also show that partial replacement of fermentation broth can lengthen the duration of citric acid -producing acitivity of microbial cells.

筛选出了用于试验研究的柠檬酸发酵用菌Aspergillus niger 2363-2，确定了其最适发酵条件—碳源选用蔗糖，浓度8.0~14.0%，氮源为NH〓Cl，浓度3.0~4.0g/l，发酵初始pH值为2.0，培养温度30℃；讨论了分生孢子产生的影响因素，并通过试验提出了抑制分生孢子产生的措施；从分析微生物所处的环境和微生物本身两个方面出发，探讨了影响微生物菌体产酸活性持久性的因素，认为分子态柠檬酸和菌体本身的老化是影响微生物产酸活性持久性的两个主要因素，并提出采用部分置换发酵液发酵能延长微生物菌体的产酸活性。

When the molasses addition amount was 30%, the coarse-protein content of fermentation production was increased from 9.2% to 14.5%, increase range was 57.6%. Secondly, the co-fermentation of Trichoderma koningi, Saccha romyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Candida tropicali utilizing the residue was studied. Trichoderma koningi can growth with the residue culture medium, but the degradation of cellulose was not obvious; The impact of different microzyme on residue fermentation was different, and Saccha romyces cerevisiae was the best

在乳酸残渣单菌发酵的基础上，探讨了康氏木霉、啤酒酵母，热带假丝酵母、产朊假丝酵母不同组合对残渣发酵的影响，得出：康氏木霉可以在残渣上生长，但所产纤维素酶活很低，对纤维素的降解不明显；不同酵母菌对残渣发酵效果不同，其中以啤酒酵母最优，且在不同酵母进行组合发酵时，发酵产物中粗蛋白含量并没有出现叠加现象，效果较啤酒酵母单菌发酵并没有显著优势。

The medium composition and some fermentation parameters were studied by cross test and single factor experiments. The optimal conditions are as flows: Tryptone 0.76 %, Bean powder 1.0 %,initial pH 8.0, temperature 28 ℃, inoculation quantity 8 % and loading volume 30 %. Under optimal conditions, the maximum yield of biomass and microbial lipids reached 29.8 g/L and 11.7 g/L, respectively, which was 2.59 times and 2.05 times of those cultured in the original medium, after 9 days fed-batch co-fermentation in shake-flask.

采用单因子和正交实验对培养基组成和发酵条件进行了优化，结果表明，诱变菌在温度28 ℃，pH 8.0，接种量8 %，装液量30 %，蛋白胨0.76 %和豆粕1 %，分批补糖的最优发酵条件下发酵9 d，生物量和菌体油脂积累量分别达29.8 g/L和11.7 g/L，较出发菌提高了2.59倍和2.05倍，同时原料糖利用率达到99.4 %。

To culture antibiotic overproducing strains, the study include using different physical and chemical factors to induce Streptomyces thermocarbonxydus var shandaensis to mutation. After original strain were mutagensised by UV combined LiCl、~(60)Co、 DES, 9 high-yield strains were obtained.

通过紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变得到高产菌株UV—18、UV—19、UV—20，其中菌株UV—19的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.875倍；通过~(60)Co诱变得到高产菌株Co—22、Co—36、Co—38，其中菌株Co—38的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.68倍；通过硫酸二乙酯诱变得到高产菌株DES—21、DES—31、DES—37，其中菌株DES—21的发酵上清液是原种的1.52倍。

The present invention features that one kind of aerobiota is first used to ferment glucose, saccharified starch liquid, enzymolyzed cellulose liquid and other carbohydrate to produce glycerin, and one other kind of anerobic microbe is then used to convert glycerin into propylene glycol.

本发明的特征在于首先使用一种好氧微生物菌种发酵如葡萄糖、淀粉糖化液、纤维素酶解液等碳水化合物产生甘油，进而再通过另一种厌氧微生物菌种将甘油转化为1，3－丙二醇，其中第一步发酵所得到的发酵液可离心或过滤除去菌体，清液可直接进入第二步发酵或者经浓缩后作为第二步发酵的批式流加液，部分菌体可在连续发酵时循环使用；第一步发酵液也可不离心经灭菌后再进行第二步发酵。

A series of IImethods, including addtion of liquid petrolatum and glass beads and adjustment offlask loads and rotation speed of swing bed, was founded to be efficient in controllingthe concentration of dissolved oxygen in fermentation medium and enhancing thetransmission of substances.

通过添加液体石蜡封层、调节转速、装液量和添加玻璃珠的一整套手段有效地控制了发酵液的溶氧量，提高了传质效果，从而促进了菌体的生长和D-乳酸的生产。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。