发酵菌

The results showed that the bacteria B7 came into the logarithmic growth phase for 5 h culture. Both the fermentation liquid and its filtration could inhibit C. colhounii effectively, and the fermentation of dilution l0 times also showed significant differences compared with the control. The inhibiting effect of its fermentation media filtration was even more significant in the optimizing test, with the maximal inhibition rate of 100%. The best fermentation condition was 0.5% glucose, 0.1% ammonium muriate, without extra mineral, pH 5.4, temperature 28℃. Based on the morphological properties and 16S rRNA sequence, the bacterium B7 was identified as the Bacillus subtilis.

结果表明，该菌体在培养了5h后即进入对数生长期；B7细菌的发酵液原液和无菌滤液均能抑制病原菌的生长，其中发酵液原液的10^3稀释液的抑菌效果仍与对照之间存在显著的差异；发酵条件优化试验中发现该细菌的无菌滤液最大抑菌率达100%，最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖0.5%、氯化钱0.1%、不加无机盐、pH5.4，温度28℃；结合形态学特征和16S rRNA的序列分析，将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。

To investigate the mechanisms of biohydrogen production by anerobic fermentation of solid organic waste, gas chromatography is used to analysis the biogas and volatile fatty acid in anaerobic bio-reactor. Firstly, the ability of hydrogen production by digested sludge from the West Lake, Enteobacter aerogences, digested sludge from sewage farm, the fluid of methane pool and dejecta have been studied. The rule of the ability of hydrogen production by different bacteria under different control condition. Simultaneity, the importance of the synergistic effect on hydrogen production has been proved.

本文首先选用西湖底的厌氧活性污泥、产气肠杆菌、污水处理厂的淤泥、沼气池发酵液以及猪粪等不同菌群对废弃食物——马铃薯进行厌氧发酵产氢特性实验研究，得到马铃薯在各不同菌群及工况下的发酵产氢能力，同时发现产氢菌间的协同作用很重要，在控制好发酵条件的情况下，产氢菌群发酵通常会好于单一产氢菌的发酵。

The citric acid-producing strain Aspergillus niger 2363-2, was isolated and used in our research. The fermentation conditions were optimized as follows: sucrose as carbon source 8. 0-14. 0%, ammonium chloride as nitrogen source 3. 0-4. 0g/l, initial pH 2. 0, and cultural temperature 30℃. The influential factors of formation of spores were also studied, and a series of measures were taken to restrain the spore formation on the basis of our experimental results. With the consideration of the cultural environment and microbial cell itself, the factors affecting the duration of citric acid-producing activity of microbial cells were examined, and it is found that undissociated citric acid and the ageing of microbial cells are the main factors. The experimental results also show that partial replacement of fermentation broth can lengthen the duration of citric acid -producing acitivity of microbial cells.

筛选出了用于试验研究的柠檬酸发酵用菌Aspergillus niger 2363-2，确定了其最适发酵条件—碳源选用蔗糖，浓度8.0~14.0%，氮源为NH〓Cl，浓度3.0~4.0g/l，发酵初始pH值为2.0，培养温度30℃；讨论了分生孢子产生的影响因素，并通过试验提出了抑制分生孢子产生的措施；从分析微生物所处的环境和微生物本身两个方面出发，探讨了影响微生物菌体产酸活性持久性的因素，认为分子态柠檬酸和菌体本身的老化是影响微生物产酸活性持久性的两个主要因素，并提出采用部分置换发酵液发酵能延长微生物菌体的产酸活性。

Shandong Shengli Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Jining 272037, Shandong, China Abstract: The cause of infection in the process of avermectin production was studied from infected time, scope and bacterial type. The test method to check the infection caused by other bacteria was also raised. The ways to prevent infection was ascertained from preparation of microbial strain, air purification, medium disinfection, ductwork deployment and systematic dead angle cleaning. Meanwhile, adjustment measure was summarized in different infected period such as microbial strain, seed pot and yeastiness.

山东胜利生物工程有限公司，山东济宁 272073 摘要：从染菌的时间、类型、范围三方面探讨了阿维菌素发酵染菌的原因，提出了发酵过程中杂菌的检查方法，分别从菌种制备、空气净化、培养基灭菌、管路配置、系统死角清理等方面明确了防止发酵染菌的措施，得出了斜面菌种、种子罐、发酵罐不同时期染菌后的补救措施。

Strains YL001 and YL002 formed a monophyletic clade with strains of X. nematophilus with sequence homology outweighing 99% and the sequence homology to genus Photorhabdus outweighing 94%. The lag, logarithmic, stationary and contabescence phase of the two bacteria were 0-6, 6-18, 18-66 and 66 h respectively; pH of strains YL001 and YL002 reduced to 5.70 and 5.56 at 12 h, respectively, and then rose gradually to 7.74 and 8.07 respectively when culture finished. Glucose content reduced quickly during 0-18 h, and then kept stable. Amido nitrogen content reached the lowest at 12 h and then rose slowly. YL001 exhibited the highest inhibitory effects at 54 h and YL002 exhibited highest inhibitory effects at 42 and 66 h respectively on B. cirerea and B. subtilis. Strains YL001 and YL002 belonged to X.

YL001和YL002菌株与嗜线虫致病杆菌种内菌株形成一个类群，序列同源性大于99%，与发光杆菌属内菌株的序列同源性大于94%。2菌株的延缓期、对数生长期、稳定期和衰亡期分别为0~6，6~18，18~66和66 h；培养12 h后，YL001和YL002菌株发酵液的pH值分别降低至5.70和5.56，此后逐渐上升，至发酵结束时其pH值分别为7.74和8.07；培养0~18 h时2菌株发酵液中还原糖含量迅速降低，此后保持稳定；12 h时氨基氮含量达到最低，此后开始缓慢上升；YL001菌株培养54 h后及YL002菌株培养42和66 h后，其对番茄灰霉病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强。

By comparing with the curves of classical antibiotics in Doskochilova system, the antibiotic type of fermentation broths was identified. The antimicrobial tests showed, the inhibition rate of alt the twenty strains were considerably and ten of them reached 80% when the fermentation broths was diluted by 10 times. It showed strongest inhibition effect against Erwinia carotorora (17.75 mm). Organize method tests showed that inhibition rate of fermentation broths of the strain HJ1-2 to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea was 100% and 71.39%, respectively.

发酵液的抑菌活性测定结果表明，放线菌HJ1-2菌株发酵液对20种供试病原真菌均具有不同程度抑制作用，其10倍稀释液对其中10种病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到80%以上；供试7种细菌中放线菌HJ1-2菌株发酵液对白菜软腐病菌的抑制作用最强，抑菌圈直径为17.75mn；放线菌HJ1-2菌株发酵液对油菜菌核病和番茄灰霉病的抑制率分别为100和71.39%。

4Mm harvested in preculture, is the best. In this form, Rhizopus oryzae R1021 produced most L-lactic acid (76. 62g/L), the pellet size in production medium in flask and fermentor are 1. 9mm and 2. 6mm, respectively, and its L-lactic acid productivity reached or exceeded that of the immobilized cell with polyurethane foam. The produced L-lactic acid and the yield of L-lactic acid based on the total glucose and the productivity are above 74g/L and 74% and 2. 69g/L h, respectively, in 7 batches repetitive fermentation in fermentor, and the size of pellets remain 2. 6mm～3. 4mm.

摇瓶种子培养获得的菌球直径为1.4mm时，这种大小的菌球产酸最高，为76.62g/L；研究表明以直径1.4mm的菌球为种子，在摇瓶发酵和发酵罐发酵中菌球大小分别为1.9mm和2.6mm；这种菌球的产酸水平最高，可以达到甚至超过聚氨酯泡沫载体固定化细胞发酵乳酸的水平；在反复7批次发酵罐发酵过程中，菌球的大小始终保持在2.6mm～3.4mm之间，L-乳酸产量、得率和生产能力分别保持在74g/L、74％和2.69g/L h以上。

Pathogenic bacteria in front of the fifth was Mycete(27.5%),Staphylococcus(19.6%),Pseudomonas(15.9%),Klebsiella(6.8%)...

结论在对下呼吸道感染患者的治疗中，临床应加强对真菌、非发酵菌等机会致病菌感染的控制。

Results show that selecting suitable microorganism can transform swine manures into organic fertilizer.

因此，选择合适的发酵菌剂与猪粪混合堆肥，可较好地实现猪粪变有机肥的目标。

To culture antibiotic overproducing strains, the study include using different physical and chemical factors to induce Streptomyces thermocarbonxydus var shandaensis to mutation. After original strain were mutagensised by UV combined LiCl、~(60)Co、 DES, 9 high-yield strains were obtained.

通过紫外线加氯化锂复合诱变得到高产菌株UV—18、UV—19、UV—20，其中菌株UV—19的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.875倍；通过~(60)Co诱变得到高产菌株Co—22、Co—36、Co—38，其中菌株Co—38的发酵上清液抑菌圈直径是原种的1.68倍；通过硫酸二乙酯诱变得到高产菌株DES—21、DES—31、DES—37，其中菌株DES—21的发酵上清液是原种的1.52倍。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。