发育异常

The cause of macromastia is not well understood and may be related to the mistakes in gene expression during puberty or pregnancy.

巨乳症的成因可能是由於青春期或怀孕期乳房发育基因的表现异常而造成，但目前对於形成巨乳症的分子机制并没有很详细的研究。

Malrotation is defined as an anomaly of rotation and fixation of the midgut.

肠回转不全，是指肠腔在胚胎发育阶段，肠的旋转和固定发生异常。

Under imitated daily field microclimatic conditions for heat stress, the rice cultivar "Jinyou63"(which is a hybrid rice combination) was treated with a consecutive 3-day heat stress during meiosis in phytotron. Anther and pollen tissues at different development stages after subjected to heat stress were sampled and analyzed for transverse abnormalities.

本研究模拟田间典型灾害天气条件，在人工气候箱内对杂交水稻&金优63&花粉母细胞减数分裂期进行连续3 d的热害胁迫处理，对处理后不同发育时期的花药组织取样切片观察，从组织、细胞水平探讨水稻受高温胁迫后花药可能出现的早期异常特征。

In conclusion, these results suggested that (1) the ageing-associated decline in fertility of female KM mouse was due to a decrease in both quantity and quality of oocytes;(2) the ooplasm from young mice did not correct the meiotic errors of aged mice, and the ooplasm from aged mice did not induce abnormal segregation of meiotic chromosome of young mice, indicating that meiotic anomalies found in the oocytes of aged mice might be related to nucleus or chromosomes and relevant factors;(3) a critical nucleocytoplasmic ratio was essential for normal maturation and segregation of meiotic chromosomes of oocytes and development to 2-cell embryos.

本研究结果表明：（1）昆明白小鼠与衰老相关的生育力下降是其卵母细胞数量减少和质量下降的综合结果；（2）年轻小鼠卵母细胞细胞质不能纠正老龄小鼠GV的减数分裂错误，老龄小鼠卵母细胞细胞质也不诱导年轻小鼠的GV发生减数分裂错误，老龄小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂异常很可能与细胞核或染色体及其相关因素有关；（3）关键的核质比对卵母细胞正常的成熟、减数分裂染色体分离及2-细胞期胚的发育是绝对必需的。

Individuals with one X and no Y chromosome are phenotypically females but have a group of physical abnormalities including dwarfism and failure of ovarian development known as Turner's syndrome.

含有一个X而无Y染色体的患者表型为女性，但有一组机体异常表现，包括侏儒郑和卵巢不发育，称为Turner综合症。

A single point mutation in intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) of human mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase gene causes abnormal cleavage of its transcript, resulting in pontocerebellar hypoplasia.

人线粒体精氨酰-tRNA合成酶基因2号内含子中的一个单点突变导致该基因的转录本被异常剪接，造成脑桥小脑发育不全。

Short and stubby hands and absent thumbs, eye abnormalities including iris dysgenesis, porokeratosis and cataracts, annular pancreas, duodenal stenosis.

粗短手并无拇指，眼部异常：包括虹膜发育不良、汗孔角化症和白内障，环状胰腺，十二指肠狭窄；32个病人因白内障被筛过。

Three, congenital anorectal atresia: This is because of bad or abnormal embryonic development due to congenital diseases, children with anal atresia completely, and some combined vestibular rectal fistula, rectal-perineal fistula or rectovaginal fistula, boys still rectal fistula and other bladder deformity.

三、先天性肛门直肠闭锁：这是由于胚胎发育不良或异常所致的先天性疾病，患儿肛门完全闭锁，有的合并直肠前庭瘘、直肠会阴瘘或直肠阴道瘘，男孩还有直肠膀胱瘘等畸形。

These abnormal changes mainly occurred at two stages:(1) at meiotic prophase, almost half of Peiai 64S microsporocytes exhibited aberration, with sparse free ribosomes, underdeveloped mitochondria and many swollen endoplasmic reticula.

这些变化主要发生在两个阶段：（1）减数分裂前期，约半数的小孢子母细胞的胞质出现异常，游离核糖体稀少，并具有不发育线粒体和大量泡状内质网。

Length abnormalities are seen in different skeletal dysplasia and can be rhizomelic, mesomelic, or acromelic(involving the hands or the feet).

长度异常见于各种骨骼发育不良，可以是爱近端、中段或远端。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。