发育异常

Results All of the 8 cases were abnormal in ultrasonography. There were more than 2 parts of anomalies in 7 cases (7/8), heart anomalies in 5 cases (5/8), holoprosencephaly in 2 cases (2/8), single umbilical artery in 2 cases (2/8), Dandy-walker syndrome in 1 case (1/8), and other anomalies such as cleft lip and cleft palate, diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, esophageal atresia, malformation of radius, club hand, club foot. Four cases were polyhydrmnios and 3 cases were IUGR.

结果 8例18三体综合征胎儿声像图均表现为胎儿结构异常，7例(7/8)超声表现为两个部位以上畸形，5例(5/8)合并心脏畸形，2例(2/8)为全前脑，2例(2/8)为单脐动脉，1例(1/8)为Dandy-walker综合征，其他畸形还有唇腭裂、膈疝、脐膨出、食道闭锁、桡骨发育不良、手畸形、马蹄内翻足、小下颌。4例(4/8)合并羊水过多，3例(3/8)宫内发育迟缓。

The development phase of proembryo was about 30 days, young embryo 40 days and matu...

在形态发育的观察中，发现低温冻害会引起花粉在发育各阶段的形态异常及大量败育。

Background:Developmental dysplasia of hip is a frequent disease of skeletal muscular system in infant.There is about 1% to 10% infants to be prone to developmental dysplasia,dislocation,and semiluxation of hip in the borning.

研究背景及目的：发育性髋关节异常(developmental dysplasia ofhip，DDH)是婴幼儿骨骼系统最常见的疾病之一，约1％～10％的新生儿出生时有髋关节发育不良、脱位及半脱位倾向。

Microspore disfunction was closelycorrelated with occurrence of tapetal abnormality.

萝卜胞质大白菜雄性不育系的花药发育从四分体期开始出现异常，绒毡层细胞发生异常膨大。

The results proposed that the abnormalities of microsporocytic cytoplasm or pollen exine, rather than the tapetal development caused the pollen abortion of Peiai 64S.

据此认为，培矮64S的花粉败育可能是由小孢子母细胞或花粉外壁的异常发育造成的，而不是由绒毡层发育引起的。

Cytological observations of the anther development of pms15-16-2-3 mutant and the wild-type plant showed that the mutant middle layer degenerated later, both the tapetal cell morphology and the tetrads were abnormal, which resulted in few fertile pollen grains formed in the anther.

细胞学观察表明，突变体在花药发育的过程中，中层细胞延迟降解，绒毡层细胞形态分化异常，出现异常的四分体，导致最终只能形成少量的花粉。

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows:microspore mother cell can't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation,shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm;although vacuolated microspore mother cell can enter into meiosis,it can't form normal dyad and degenerate in the middle process;dyad and tetrad become vacuolated and can't develop normally;cytoplasm of microspore shrinks around the nucleus at the stage of central nucleus microspore,the shape of microspore is twisted into crescent or irregular shape,at last its cytoplasm and nucleus are disintegrated and crescent vacant microspore presents;nutritive substances can't be accumulated at the stage of vacuolated microspore,cytoplasm is disintegrated,and microspore turns into a big vacant pollen.

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；小孢子母细胞液泡化，虽能进入减数分裂，但不能形成正常二分体而中途退化；二分体、四分体细胞液泡化，不能进行正常发育；单核小孢子中央期，细胞质收缩包围核，小孢子形状扭曲呈月牙形或不规则形，最终细胞质和核解体而呈月牙形的空壳小孢子；单核液泡期的小孢子不能积聚营养物质，细胞质解体而成为大的空壳花粉粒。

The proliferation of the anthers and pollens were distinctly dysplastic. During the prophase of abortive pollens, the tapetums and middle layers of quadrants separated; during metaphase, the microspores were development arrest; during anaphase, the tapetums and microspores gradually disappeared after combination, the anthers finally turned into drying and shriveling to be unable to form pollens.

如主茎开花初期提前1~2d，花萼和雄蕊个数为4~6个，花药室数为2~4个，开花后花药呈白色或淡绿色，表面无皱纹，并延迟脱落；其花药和花粉发育明显异常，败育初期在四分体期绒毡层与中层分离，中期小孢子形成时期发育停滞，后期绒毡层与小孢子粘连后逐渐消失，终期花药干瘪，不能形成花粉。

Result Chronic sinusitis correlated with septal deformity, uncinate process shift and hypertrophy, pneumation and paradoxical curvature of the middle turbinate, ethmoid bulla, agger nasi cell and Haller′s cell.

结果 慢性鼻窦炎与中重度鼻中隔偏曲、钩突异常、中鼻甲异常、筛泡肥大、鼻丘过度发育、眶下气房均有相关关系。

On the termination date, the cultured explants were all examined by Western blot, HE and transmission electron microscope. Our results showed that after 12-days in culture, the cultivation treated with AS-ODN reduced the synthesis of AMBN and had a deformed dental cusp with thinner enamel matrix. Ultrastructure analyses showed that there was hardly any cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ameloblasts at the tip of the cusp of AS-ODN treatedexplants. However, on average the enamel matrix was thinner compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the collagen fibers in extracellular matrix were found disorganized. These findings seemed to provide a direct experimental evidence that tended to indicate that the arrested AMBN translation in cultured tooth germs might result in the delay of the tooth development.

经用Western蛋白印迹检测表明，所设计的反义核酸对AMBN InRNA具有良好的封闭效果并成功阻断了牙胚对AMBN的表达；在缺乏AMBN情况下，与对照组相比，实验组牙胚在体外可以继续生长发育至钟状晚期，出现成釉细胞和成牙本质细胞的分化，成釉细胞可以分化成为分泌期型成釉细胞，胞浆中缺少合成蛋白质所必需的粗面内质网和高尔基氏体，缺乏溶酶体，表明对蛋白合成和脚的能力降低；实验组牙胚有牙尖形成和基质分泌，但牙尖形态异常，基质形成减少，牙尖周围基质最厚处为O.6卜m，明显薄于对照组的5.spin，基质中胶原纤维粗细不等，排列稀疏， 3 第四军医大学硕士学位论文未见钙化现象，充分证明了AMBN在牙胚发育中参与釉质基质形成和矿化过程，影响胶原纤维和牙本质基质的合成，促进成釉细胞对蛋白质的合成和釉质基质蛋白降解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。