发育异常

An otherwise healthy 12-month-old girl presented for evaluation of reduced abduction of the left eye detected at 6 months of age. The remainder of the examination was unremarkable. A special MRI sequence-fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition-visualized the right but not the left sixth nerve cisternal segment. This is the first reported use of the MRI FIESTA sequence to diagnose aplasia of the sixth cranial nerve.

应用快速平衡稳态取像核磁技术检测第六颅神经发育不全：本研究首次报道利用 MRI FIESTA 诊断第六颅神经发育不全，一例12个月的婴儿其他各项指标正常，在6个月时发现左眼诱导注视减少，其他的检查未见明显异常，利用 MRI FIESTA 可检测到右侧第六颅神经，但左侧部分检测不到。

However, perinatal lesions of the corticospinal tract can lead to abnormal development of spinal reflexes that includes retention and reinforcement of developmental features that do not emerge in adult stroke victims, even though they also suffer from spasticity.

无论如何，围产期的皮质脊髓束的损伤可能导致脊髓反射异常发育，包括在那些成人脑中风患者中，即使是他们也表现为痉挛状态时也不出现的发育特征的保留和强化。

The growth growth high peak period that corrected and cured to contribute to make use of a kid in early days stopped excrescent growth growth trend and led to it is as usual.

早期矫治有助于利用孩子的生长发育高峰期阻断异常的生长发育趋势，将其导向正常。

Among them,27babies were well developed,but23were hypogenetic,with abnormal blood flow,point out intrauterine growth retardation.

另50例胎儿出生时体重小于2500g，其中27例新生儿虽体重较正常儿偏小，但发育正常；另23例胎儿血流动力学指标异常，提示胎儿宫内窘迫，导致异常分娩，新生儿生存率低。

The average weight of the other group of50fetus-es is less than2500g when they were born.Among them,27babies were well developed,but23were hypogenetic,with abnormal blood flow,point out intrauterine growth retardation.

另50例胎儿出生时体重小于2500g，其中27例新生儿虽体重较正常儿偏小，但发育正常；另23例胎儿血流动力学指标异常，提示胎儿宫内窘迫，导致异常分娩，新生儿生存率低。

The average weight of the other group of0fetus-es is less than00g when they were born.Among them,7babies were well developed,butwere hypogenetic,with abnormal blood flow,point out intrauterine growth retardation.

另0例胎儿出生时体重小于00g，其中7例新生儿虽体重较正常儿偏小，但发育正常；另例胎儿血流动力学指标异常，提示胎儿宫内窘迫，导致异常分娩，新生儿生存率低。

Results The average weight of the50normal ges-tated babies is more than2500g,and the babies were well developed.The average weight of the other group of50fetus-es is less than2500g when they were born.Among them,27babies were well developed,but23were hypogenetic,with abnormal blood flow,point out intrauterine growth retardation.

另50例胎儿出生时体重小于2500g，其中27例新生儿虽体重较正常儿偏小，但发育正常；另23例胎儿血流动力学指标异常，提示胎儿宫内窘迫，导致异常分娩，新生儿生存率低。

The cause of macromastia is not well understood and may be related to the mistakes in gene expression during puberty or pregnancy. There are a lot of researches focusing on the molecular mechanism of breast cancer and lactation, but seldom on macromastia. The size of an organ is determined by the size of the cells and the number of the cells, which depends on cell division and cell death.

巨乳症的成因可能是由於青春期或怀孕期乳房发育基因的表现异常而造成，但目前的研究对此并没有很详细的研究，与巨乳症相关的研究大多集中於病患的心理生理评估及手术方法的比较，乳房发育的相关研究目前都集中於乳癌与泌乳退乳的机制。

MRI showed brain atrophy in 11 cases,delayed myelinization in 8 cases,periventricular leukomalacia in 6 cases,abnomal signals of the basal ganglia in 5 cases,brain malaria in 5 cases,cortical infarction in 3 cases and congenital deformation in 4 cases,no abnormal finding in 3 cases.

其中脑萎缩11例，脑白质髓鞘发育延迟8例，脑室周围白质软化灶6例，基底节异常信号5例，脑软化灶5例，皮层梗死病灶3例，先天畸形4例。3例患者MRI检未见明确异常。

Moutains of evidences from laboratary and clinical data show that gene abnormality is the major etiological factor of over 40% patients affected with epilepsy.There were also 6 epilepsy genes been cloned successfully, and mutations of over 1000 genes maybe related to epilepsy. These abnormal genes influence many aspects from molecular level to the neuronal plasticity, such as the development of brain,neuronic degeneration, remodeling of neural circuits, energy metabolism, ion channel and so on.These factors would at last affect the formation of epilepsy focus, propagations of epileptic potentials, vulnerability of epilepsy cells.

大量的实验和临床资料提示基因异常是40%以上癫痫患者的病因，有6种常见全身癫痫的基因已被成功克隆，1000种以上的基因突变可能与癫痫的发作有关，这些表达异常的基因分布在脑发育、神经元变性及神经环路重组、能量代谢、离子通道等多个环节，从分子、细胞、神经元可塑性等多个方面影响着癫痫灶的形成、痫性放电的扩布及癫痫细胞的损伤，构成了癫痫的基因机制。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。