发育异常

Uni- or bilateral radial ray malformation including thenar hypoplasia, thumb hypoplasia/aplasia, triphalangeal, preaxial polydactyly, clubhand, deviation of the forearms, Duane anomaly, sensorineural or conductive deafness, and renal abnormalities

单侧或双侧桡骨线变形包括手掌发育不良，拇指发育不良/发育不全，三指节畸形，轴前并指畸形，畸形手，前臂偏斜，Duane异常，感觉神经性或传导性耳聋，和肾的异常。

This study demonstrated that KA administration in a convulsant dose could result in spontaneous recurrent seizures and permanent disturbances of behavior and cognition in old rats (P25、P60) which brains were in mature. However temporal and reversible effects occurred in rat pups (P5、P15) in immature brain.

一次给予惊厥剂量的KA可诱发脑发育成熟大鼠（P25、P60）出现自发癫痫发作，但在脑发育未成熟大鼠（P5、P15）中未见有自发癫痫发作；KA致痫对脑发育成熟大鼠造成的认知行为异常持久而不可逆，但对脑发育未成熟幼鼠认知行为的影响则持续时间短而可逆。

Cytogenetic aberrations included chromosome 8 abnormalities in 8 cases, nonspecific numerical abnormalities in 1 case, and a normal karyotype in 1 case. Ten patients had other medical conditions including macrocephaly, seizures, developmental delay, autism, congenital anomalies, Sturge-Weber syndrome, or a family history of multiple lipomas.

细胞遗传学变异包括8个病例出现染色体8异常，1个病例为非特异性数量异常和1个病例为正常核型。10例患者出现其它医学情况，包括头大畸形、癫痫发作、发育迟缓、自闭症、先天异常、斯特奇-韦伯综合征或有多发性脂肪瘤家族史。

To determine the early changes and process of formation of central polydactyly, syndactyly, and cleft hand, we experimentally induced these anomalies in the hind limbs of rat embryos and discussed the relationship among these abnormalities.

目的：在同一个病人有多种中心型多趾、并趾、裂手畸形组合常出现在各自的四肢，然而很少知道在四肢发育的过程中的趾线的异常诱导的早期变化，为了确定中心型多趾、并趾以及裂手畸形的形成过程和早期变化，我们通过实验在大鼠的下肢诱导这些异常并探讨这些异常之间的关系。

On the other hand, in spite of the severely distorted axis, the FoxD5-overexpressed embryos displayed neither somite nor muscle defects. Based on these results, we speculate that FoxD5 plays different roles in axis and somite formation. During somitogenesis, FoxD5 functions in the maintenance of the anteroposterior polarity of somites, and in turn plays roles in proper formation of somites.

另一方面，观察过量表现FoxD5的胚胎，发现体节及肌肉发育没有明显异常，但体轴发育则产生严重畸形的性状；根据上述观察结果，推测FoxD5可能在体节及体轴发育上扮演不同角色：在体轴发育时，FoxD5则可能参与於胚胎轴向决定；而在体节中，FoxD5具有维持体节前后极性进而促使体节正常形成之功能。

Using cytohischemical staining methods, with the results of comparison the dynamics of proteins and polysaccharides in the anthe wall cells and colule cells of different developmental phases in female and male flowers, the anormogenesis of anther tapetum in the inflecting phase of from bisexual flower to unisexual flower was observed. In microspore developed phase, the tapetum functions of preserving and transportingmutritive material for microspore development and of secreting callosal enzyme for decompositing callosal cell lost no normal guadrant formed, of being abnormal meiose of pollen mother cells, and then, the stamen aborted selectively in female flowers and pistil in male flower.

利用细胞组织化学染色技术，对雌、雄花雄蕊花药壁细胞及花药内细胞发育过程中多糖及蛋白质动态进行了比较，实验中观察到雌花在从两性至单性花转变时期雄蕊绒毡层在整个发育过程中表现异常，在小孢子发育过程中未能起到贮藏、转运营养物质供小孢子发育及适时分泌胼胝质酶溶解胼胝质壁的功能，并且花粉母细胞减数分裂异常而未形成四分体结构，进而导致雌花雄蕊选择性败育，而雄花中雌蕊组织也发生了选择性败育过程。

Microscopic observation of microsporogenesis of the male sterile lines revealed that abortion occurred mononuclear stage. The tapetal cells became higly vaculate, pressing the microsporocyte seriously, interfering the normal microsporpgenesis development and finally leading to pollen grain abortion.

进一步对其细胞形态学进行观察结果表明，ogura和改良型不育系败育时期发生在单核花粉期，绒毡层异常膨大，挤压小孢子正常发育，小孢子液泡化而导致败育，并且在花药发育过程中有一些异常现象发生。

During the first two weeks after birth, the growth performances were not significant between the mutant mice and the normal ones, but after that, the mutant mice grew much slower. The differences were significant in the indexes of eyes, lungs, thymuses, and adrenal glands between the genders. At the same time, the differences were significant in the organ indexes, such as lungs, adrenal glands, uterine and testicles between the normal phenotype mutant mice and the abnormal ones. And these two kinds of mice showed different amount of hemoglobin and red blood cell.

结果：B6-Co小鼠不育率22%、平均产仔数5.62±2.55只、离乳成活率56.59±41.22显著低于正常的B6小鼠，而胎间隔29.50±10.50天比正常B6小鼠短。B6-Co小鼠出生后2周内生长发育与正常B6小鼠基本一致，2周后，其生长发育慢于正常B6小鼠。B6-Co小鼠雌雄间的眼球、肺、胸腺、肾上腺的脏器指数差异有统计学意义。B6-Co表型异常小鼠与B6-Co表型正常小鼠相比，肺、肾上腺、子宫、睾丸的脏器系数差异有统计学意义。B6-Co小鼠表型异常小鼠在血红蛋白和红细胞数量上异于B6-Co表型正常小鼠。

Results: B6-Co mice showed higher sterile rate, and significant lower average litter size and survival rate at weaning than the normal B6 mice, but the time interval between deliveries was shorter in the mutant population. During the first two weeks after birth, the growth performances were not significant between the mutant mice and the normal ones, but after that, the mutant mice grew much slower. The differences were significant in the indexes of eyes, lungs, thymuses, and adrenal glands between the genders. At the same time, the differences were significant in the organ indexes, such as lungs, adrenal glands, uterine and testicles between the normal phenotype mutant mice and the abnormal ones. And these two kinds of mice showed different amount of hemoglobin and red blood cell.

结果：B6-Co小鼠不育率22%、平均产仔数5.62±2.55只、离乳成活率56.59±41.22显著低于正常的B6小鼠，而胎间隔29.50±10.50天比正常B6小鼠短。B6-Co小鼠出生后2周内生长发育与正常B6小鼠基本一致，2周后，其生长发育慢于正常B6小鼠。B6-Co小鼠雌雄间的眼球、肺、胸腺、肾上腺的脏器指数差异有统计学意义。B6-Co表型异常小鼠与B6-Co表型正常小鼠相比，肺、肾上腺、子宫、睾丸的脏器系数差异有统计学意义。B6-Co小鼠表型异常小鼠在血红蛋白和红细胞数量上异于B6-Co表型正常小鼠。

According to successfully extracting and graphing of uranium anomalies, the self-center uranium anomalies and their close relationship with meandering stream systems have been observed. The uranium anomaly always develops in the distributary and turning place of meandering stream system, and is related with thin sand area (whose sand thickness and sand ratio are less than 30 meters and 40% respectively), thicker coal, fine lithology, but the highest value of uranium anomaly exists in middle sandstone.

通过对铀异常信息的成功提取及平面编图，发现延安组中铀异常呈一个又一个具有自我中心的单元出现，且与曲流河沉积体系的关系密切：通常发育于河道分岔或转弯处；普遍发育于薄砂带，一般砂体厚度在30m以下，含砂率小于40%；铀异常单元与厚煤层关系密切；主要赋存于粒度较细的岩性中，部分也富集于煤中，但铀异常最高值富集于中砂岩中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。