发电的

Firstly, after the analysis on probability distribution of GenCos' bidding results, a concept of bid acceptance probability distribution function of GenCos is proposed; then based on the features of bidding structure in day-ahead and real-time markets, a multi-objective bi-level programming bidding strategy model in day-ahead and real-time markets for GenCos is built for electricity markets in which the step-wise bidding function and pay-as-bid settlement protocols are utilized; and then in order to solve the proposed model an algorithm based on Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm is designed; finally, the simulation of numerical examples are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed model and algorithm.

首先在分析了发电商竞价结果的概率分布之后，提出了发电商竞价成功概率分布函数的概念。然后基于日前和实时市场中投标结构的特点，针对采用分段报价和按报价结算(pay as bid price，PAB)方式的电力市场，建立了日前和实时市场中发电商的多目标二层规划竞价策略模型，并设计了以蒙特卡罗方法和遗传算法为基础的求解算法。最后采用算例对所提出的模型和算法进行了仿真验证。

This paper analyze the status of the waste treatment and indicate the existing problem:the level of management is low , the ideal and anamnesis of management is draggle comparatively;the life waste is continue increase, basic establishment is not enough badly, the problem of single treatment is extrusive;the method of disposal is single, the level of using resource is low;the devotion of funds is not enough

通过对北京市生活垃圾堆肥、焚烧发电、卫生填埋处理项目进行经济分析，提出堆肥、焚烧发电、卫生填埋这三种城市生活垃圾处理方式在技术上和经济上都是可行的，具有显著的社会效益和环境效益，但各有优缺点。针对北京的实际情况，建议北京市采用堆肥、焚烧发电、卫生填埋相结合的综合处理技术。

In this thesis the development status of MHD power generation technology is reviewed, and the key points constructing a MHD-steam combined cycle are investigated. A kind of flow train of coal gasified MHD-steam combined cycle system is put forward, which is different from previous ones. In this scheme one part of the high temperature flue gas out of MHD generator channel is utilized to gasify the coal, then the clean syngas is produced in the tail gasifier and the energy of high temperature flue gas is used effectively.

本论文评述了磁流体发电技术的发展现状，分析了磁流体—蒸汽联合循环发电系统构成的问题，提出了一种不同于前人研究的尾气煤气化磁流体—蒸汽联合循环的流程方案，该系统利用磁流体发电通道出来的尾气的一部分进行煤气化，这样既生成干净的燃料混合气体又利用了高温尾气的能量。

The instantaneous power theory was employed to analyze the instantaneous power of the control winding and the control scheme for the DWIG system with diode bridge load was obtained. The component of the currents on the control-winding flux determines the instantaneous reactive power, and the component on the perpendicular direction of the flux decides the reactive power. The former one influences the DC voltage of the diode bridge on power winding and the latter one influences the DC voltage of the static excitation controller of control windings.

基于瞬时功率理论，推导出按控制绕组磁场定向时控制绕组的瞬时功率，在此基础上分析了带整流桥负载的定子双绕组感应电机发电系统在宽转速运行时的电压调节机理，即：控制绕组电流在控制绕组磁场及其法线上的分量，分别决定着发电系统功率绕组整流桥直流侧电压和控制绕组静止励磁控制器(static excitation controller，SEC)直流侧电压，据此提出宽转速运行时DWIG发电系统电压控制策略。

The first layer is a profit maximization model for generation company in which the biddings of competitors are taken into account; the second layer is a sensitivity analysis based output regulation model of power generation company in which the minimum congestion cost is taken as objective, and this model is solved by genetic algorithm.

研究了考虑输电阻塞影响的发电商最优报价策略问题，建立了求解该问题的2层优化模型，第1层是基于竞争对手报价的发电商利润最大化模型，第2层是基于灵敏度分析的以阻塞费用最小为目标的发电商出力调整模型，并采用遗传算法对其进行求解。

This paper endogens carbon tax and subsidy two variables, discussing how to decide the optimal level of carbon tax and subsidy. The results of the research are obtained as the following:(1) price and capital subsidy which one is priority depend on the productivity of renewable energy capital, if productivity is high enough, then should adopt capital subsidy policy;(2) price and capital subsidy indeed exist trade-off and non-independent relationship;(3) renewable energy regulation ratio has negative effect on carbon tax, however has positive effect on price subsidy;(4) green certificate price increase will result in decrease carbon tax and price subsidy, but increase capital subsidy;(5) if the authority loose the environmental target, then should impose high carbon tax which maintains the environmental quality, but have ambiguous effect on subsidy policy;(6) increasing stability of renewable energy, then increase price subsidy, however, under budget constraint should decrease capital subsidy;(7) analyzing Taiwan's three wind power energy with different price subsidy, which can improve the technology of wind power energy. In another word, it can raise the capacity of wind power energy and reach the goal of renewable energy.

本文考量政府预算限制下，探讨最适碳税税率与补贴率订定之问题，获得如下发现：(1)发电量补贴与资本补贴对促进再生能源发展效果不一样，决定於再生能源资本的生产力，如果资本生产力足够高，则发电量补贴效果较佳；反之，则应优先采行资本补贴措施；(2)发电量补贴与资本补贴的确存在抵换而非独立关系，亦即在政府预算限制下，为促进再生能源发展，应将种种补贴措施整合考量，以最低行政成本达到再生能源发展目标；(3)再生能源管制配比与碳税税率及资本补贴率呈反向变化关系；而与发电量补贴呈正向关系；(4)绿色权证交易制度具促进再生能源管制目标达到之奖励效果，因此，绿色权证价格提高可降低发电量补贴及碳税税率，降低碳税对经济不利冲击效果；(5)政府如果采行较宽松环境目标，宜提高碳税税率，避免环境品质进一步恶化，然而，对发电量或资本补贴之影响效果不确定；(6)再生能源发电效率愈高，则应提高再生能源发电补贴，在预算限制下，应降低再生能源资本补贴；(7)透过台湾三座风力机组的实证分析，采取差异性发电量补贴，将可诱导较高效率风力机组的投资行为，提高整体风力发电效率，达到再生能源发展之目标。

Firstly, SRM inductance function Land flux linkage function ψ are derived from ANSYS which is used for electromagnetic field analysis. Secondly, the non-linear inductance model and non-linear flux model of switched reluctance starter/generator are finished by MATLAB. Based on the latter, the start characteristic of SRM is studied comprehensively. Finally, on the basis of academic research, we completed the starter/generator stand of test and experimented on a sample motor and then experiment waveforms are obtained which verified the simulation model.

首先利用 ANSYS 软件仿真计算出开关磁阻电机的电感和磁链函数，并以此为基础利用 MATLAB/SIMULINK 建立了开关磁阻起动/发电系统的非线性电感模型和非线性磁链模型，并通过非线性磁链模型对开关磁阻电机的起动特性和发电特性进行了深入分析与研究；最后在理论分析的基础上，通过开关磁阻起动/发电系统试验平台对原理样机进行实验，给出了系统实验波形，并验证了该模型的正确性。

Be that world wind energy source electric power generation Great Power and electric power generation wind wheel produce Great Power but though Denmark only having more than 5,000,000 population,the manufacturer world 10 gales wheels are produced has 5 being in Denmark , the world 60% the above wind wheel manufactory technology all in using Danish, is "pinwheel Great Power " true to self's name

利用风力发电，以丹麦应用最早，而且使用较普遍。丹麦虽只有500多万人口，却是世界风能发电大国和发电风轮生产大国，世界10大风轮生产厂家有5家在丹麦，世界60%以上的风轮制造厂都在使用丹麦的技术，是名副其实的风车大国

The price rises frome 150 ~ 200 yuan/ton since early 2006 to the current 300 ~ 350 yuan/ton, and together with the straw management and self-consumption, the fuel prices of straw into the furnace will be higher.

秸秆直燃发电项目的燃料成本很高，发电成本很高，而电厂的上网电价却没有相应地增加，秸秆直燃发电项目的经济性较差。

In this paper,the basic control requirements of Switched Reluctance Starter/Generator applies to Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integrated Starter Generator system to realize starting and generating are discussed.

本文将开关磁阻电机起动、助力、发电一体化应用于混合动力汽车ISG系统中，实现混合动力汽车ISG系统的起动、助力、发电等基本功能，同时设计了系统的整体控制策略，构造了基于TMS320F240和EPM7128S为核心的DSP+CPLD型数字控制器，完成了六相12/10结构开关磁阻起动/发电机样机的起动和发电实验，给出了实验波形和分析结论，表明了本方案控制器和控制策略的可行性和有效性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。