发生故障

In order to overcome the technological difficulties encountered in the course of insulation fault diagnosis on the base of dissolved gases analysis, several kinds of mathematic models and actualized methods are brought forward to improve the reliability and veracity of fault diagnosis of transformers. The research works are shown mainly as followings:1 A modified fuzzy multi-criteria method is brought forward for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer. Furthermore, a new method for insulation fault diagnosis is proposed on the base of fuzzy multi-criteria together with rule reasoning. With fuzzy diagnosis in the method, fault reasons are filtrated and then the reasons in low probability are prohibited, Moreover, the left reasons are testified by using rule reasoning and then final concludes are drawn in much less misjudge probability and better results.2 On the base of geometry characteristics of C- partition to sample set of DGA data of transformer, a method is put forward to compute effective radius of neighbor field of a sample, number of clusters and values of initial centers. Moreover, the fuzzy C- means cluster model with adaptive weight is brought forward in the first time and then the fault classifier is designed for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer.3 According to the weakness of the degree of gray of gray incidence, a new formula to compute DGI is put forward and then incidence order criterion is ascertained. Moreover, a new DGI model for fault diagnosis is proposed according to the further analysis to relationship between fault reason and content of oil dissolved gases of transformer.

为解决在应用油中溶解气体分析方法（Dissolved Gases Analysis，简称DGA）诊断变压器内部绝缘故障时所遇到的主要技术难题，论文提出了用于提高变压器故障诊断准确性和可靠性的数学模型及实现方法，主要研究工作如下：1）提出了一种改进的变压器绝缘故障诊断模糊综合评判方法；进一步提出了将模糊综合诊断与规则推理相结合进行绝缘故障诊断的方法，该方法采用模糊推理对故障原因进行"过滤"，滤掉可能性极小的原因，然后进一步利用规则推理验证剩下的可能原因，得出最终结论，大大减少了误判比率，获得了较好的效果。2）根据以变压器DGA数据为特征量的样本空间的c-划分几何特性出发，提出了一种求取样本有效邻域半径和聚类数及聚类中心初值的方法，在此基础上，首次提出了一种自适应加权的变压器绝缘故障诊断的模糊c-均值聚类模型，并设计出故障分类器。3）针对常用灰色关联度的不足，提出了一新的灰色关联度计算公式及确定关联序的准则；并在此基础上，通过深入分析变压器发生绝缘故障时的原因与油中溶解特征气体含量的关系，建立了一种新的故障诊断灰色关联模型；通过实例分析证明，该方法能有效地诊断出变压器绝缘故障及故障部位，大大提高了诊断的准确性。

And based on the analysis on the relationship of the positive and the negative sequence impedance,also the positive and negative fault component current under simple and duplicate fault conditions,a cross-country fault identifier is proposed in this paper.

同时通过对线路发生单纯性故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

Based on the analysis on the relationship of the positive and the negative sequence impedance, also the positive and negative fault component current under simple and duplicate fault conditions, a cross-country fault identifier is proposed.

通过对线路发生单纯性故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

Under the circumstance of simple fault on double circuit transmission lines, the positive-sequence impedance is equal to the negative-sequence impedance, and the positive fault component current is equal to or greater than the negative circuit.

文中通过对线路发生简单故障与跨线故障情况下的正、负序故障分量阻抗关系和正、负序故障分量电流幅值关系的分析，提出了一种判别电力系统发生跨线故障的判别元件。

From the above seems to show the failure, the author estimated that the fault is mostly the work of the subsidiary CRT circuit damage occurred because the cathode-ray tube voltage of the focus is very prone to failure similar to the above phenomenon, the phenomenon that gave rise to such failure is due mainly to display work over time, then the CRT focus very near the jack attached to a lot of dust very easily, which encountered wet dust easily lead to the air tubes of focus very significantly decrease the performance of socket contacts, then a cathode-ray tube focus to the natural voltage decline will be affected down, so that we could monitor the performance will be prone to poor focus, image display is a relatively vague.

从上面的显示故障现象来看，笔者估计该故障现象多半是显像管附属的工作电路发生了损坏，因为显像管的聚焦极电压十分容易发生类似上面的故障现象，引起这种故障现象的原因主要是显示器工作时间一长，那么显像管的聚焦极插孔附近很容易附着不少灰尘，这些灰尘遇到潮湿的空气后容易导致显像管的聚焦极插孔接触性能大大下降，那么一来显像管的聚焦极电压自然就会受到影响而下降下来，这样的话显示器也就容易出现聚焦性能不好、图象显示比较模糊的现象了。

The power net is injected high frequency impulse signal online from voltage transformer connected to substation bus after the fault of single-phase grounding take place,and then the echo traveling wave from the fault spot corresponding to the high frequency impulse signal is captured by the fault detector installed in the substation.

配电网作为电力系统给用户供电的一个重要环节，它直接给用户提供高质量和可靠的电能，配电网在发生单相永久接地后，为防止发生多点接地短路故障，必须尽快确定故障线路及故障点到供电所的距离，这就是小电流接地电网故障定位问题。

Hydraulic lift is of the secure and reliable running.

液压电梯运行安全可靠，即使停电或电源发生故障，仍可使轿厢稳定下降到附近楼层后开门。

The old house broke down in the heave rain.

发生故障；情绪失去控制等

A faulty train triggered the suspension of service between Tiu Keng Leng and North Point for 47 minutes during the morning rush, leaving thousands of cross-harbour commuters late for work.

一列列车在早上繁忙时间发生故障，导致调景岭至北角之间的列车服务中断四十七分钟，数以千计的过海乘客上班迟到。

Kazakhstan Ministry of Emergency Situations said that the failure of the aircraft originally scheduled for the first major cities from Almaty, Kazakhstan to fly to the north-eastern Kazakhstan Pavlodar Pavlodar City, the state capital.

哈紧急情况部说，发生故障的客机原定由哈萨克斯坦第一大城市阿拉木图飞往哈东北部巴甫洛达尔州首府巴甫洛达尔市。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。