发生故障

To realize real time fault detection and diagnosis when multi sensors have faults simultaneously in the linear control system, a set of two ellipsoid confidence region s was constructed based on two ellipsoid overlap method.

双椭圆相交法可以用于多个传感器同时发生故障的线性控制系统，不仅能够快速、准确地检测出故障发生的时刻，并且能将故障定位到发生故障的传感器。

With the development of information technology,the research and application of remote failure diagnosis system are arising in the world.

1概述远程故障诊断的概念是在远程医疗概念的基础上发展起来的一种设备诊断技术，远程设备故障诊断技术是传统的故障诊断技术与网络技术、计算机技术和现代通信技术相结合的一种新型诊断技术，它是在工业现场的设备发生故障征兆或发生故障，现场的维护人员或故障诊断系统对其不能

When the grid suffers a short circuit fault, the relays in the grid, which have cooperate relation, find the element that the fault locates in, and insulate this element from the grid rapidly.

当电网发生短路故障时，安装于系统各个元件上的有着相互配合关系的保护装置判别出发生故障的元件，并迅速将故障元件从系统中隔离出来，使得系统剩余部分能正常运行。

Aimed at the characteristic of multiple types of faults possibly happened in nuclear power plant, large scale of training sample, and requirement of quick and accurate diagnosing, after the analysis of large sample number generated by large fault type exceeds limitation of 64K paragraph in DOS and large number of local minmum in error surface, measurements of same format of data file, Win95/NT operating system platform, resetting weight learning rate, dynamic training set in quick learning algorithm and improvement on quick learning algorithm using homotopy method which can avoid local minmum points in error surface have been adopted to ensure quickly and effective process of the course of neural network's training and testing.

针对核动力装置可能发生的故障种类多，训练样本规模大，故障诊断需要快速准确的特点等，分析了样本多和故障种类多产生的训练样本量超出DOS段大小和网络误差曲面上局部极小值多的情况，采取了使用相同格式数据文件、Win95/NT操作系统平台，对快速学习算法采用重置神经网络权值学习率和动态训练集、并采用能够有效克服网络误差曲面上局部极小点的同伦方法对学习算法进行改进等措施保证神经网络训练测试过程的快速、有效地进行；针对装置发生的故障须快速、准确诊断的需要，分析了故障的产生对装置参数变化的影响及操纵员对故障诊断的基础，在核动力装置发生故障时参数曲线的变化量与正常运行时参数曲线的变化量存在明显差异的基础上，提出采用参数曲线的变化量作为神经网络的输入，并围绕参数变化量的方法采用二次曲线拟合滤波求变化量和阈值技术来保证神经网络得到精确的装置参数变化量，从而得到准确的诊断结果。

In real flight, multiple sensors of aircraft engine control system may fault at a time. In order to solve this problem, a revised multiple-failure-hypothesis based testing is investigated. This approach uses multiple Kalman filters, and each of Kalman filter is designed based on a specific hypothesis for detecting specific sensors fault, and then uses WSSR (Weighted Sum of Squared Residual) to deal with Kalman filter residuals, and residual signals are compared with threshold in order to make fault detection decisions. The simulation results show that the proposed method can be used to detect multiple sensors soft failures fast and accurately.

一般认为两个以上传感器同时发生故障的概率较小，但实际上不能排除其发生的可能性；提出了一种改进的多重故障假设方法来解决航空发动机控制系统多传感器同时发生软故障的问题，这一方法采用一组卡尔曼滤波器，每个滤波器对应一个被检测传感器的故障模态；采用残差加权二乘方处理滤波残差并与门限值作比较来判断是否发生故障；仿真结果表明，所提出的方法能有效解决多传感器软故障的检测与隔离问题。

The multi-dimensional signals measured by sensors with a machine working under normal condition or fault condition, can be used to build Q statistic and T^2 statistic respectively to detect the state of the machine. Meanwhile, the feature vector is constructed by the Q value and the T^2 value, the geometrical distance between the normal feature vector and the feature vector H when the machine goes wrong is used to realize the fault location. The results show that the method is feasible.

利用多个传感器测量的异步电机多维信号参量，构建电机在正常工作和发生故障时的Q统计和T^2统计，以实现电机的状态检测；利用Q统计和T^2统计值构建电机的状态特征向量，通过比较度量当前电机的特征向量与电机发生故障时的特征向量H的几何距离来实现电机故障的定位与分离实验证明，该方法可以有效地实现故障的诊断与分离。

In this paper, many sensor networks are distributed at different areas, firstly the local fuzzy neural network fuses the information from corresponding sensor network in character level, secondly the outputs,which are diagnosis conclusion, are fused by terminal neural network in decision level.

电力系统的继电保护和故障诊断一直是人们研究的重要课题，一旦系统发生故障，如何尽快识别故障类型、判断故障位置、及时跳闸保护以及故障排除后迅速恢复供电等，开发出这样一个实用可靠的继电保护和故障诊断系统势在必行。

In the power system failure transient period of time, be able to quickly determine the correct faults, failure to prevent the further development or change.

在电力系统发生故障的暂态时期内，能快速正确判断故障，阻止故障发生变化或进一步发展。

Faults of ball milling system in power plant are analyzed by means of fault tree analysis. A fault tree is established that contains faults of ball mill, coal feeder, mill exhauster and separator. The minimal cut set is figured out. The cause for the faults are detailed.

利用故障树分析法对火力发电厂制粉系统的常见故障进行了分析研究，建立了制粉系统的故障树，涵盖了球磨机、给煤机、排粉机、粗细粉分离器的常见故障，求出了其最小割集，给出了制粉系统发生故障的原因及导致故障各种原因组合的可能性。

According to the fault data information and expert"s field knowledge, the system can distinguish the lines and buses which fault occurs in, also judge the line"s fault type and the circuit breakers and relayss action performance and give the maintenance suggestion.

系统能在电网发生故障时，根据故障数据信息和专家领域知识，判别发生故障的线路、母线，线路的故障类型以及断路器、保护的动作性能，并给出维修建议。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。