发生弯曲变化

We have found that there are regularity changes in the Raman spectra of grossular-andradite as the rise of iron in the crystal structure from grossular to andradite after studying of Raman spectra of grossular-andradite, that is to say, their peaks shift to low wavenumber; At the same time , there are some changes in the bond angles of O-Si-O and O-Y-O:the higher of iron contents, the evidenter of splitting of two wind vibration peaks of SiO4 tetrahedron and YO6 octahedron.

通过对钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石的拉曼光谱研究发现，从钙铝榴石到钙铁榴石，随着矿物结构中铁的含量的增加，他们的拉曼光发生规律性的变化，即所有的峰向低波数方向发生漂移；同时，由于铁含量的不同使得石榴石晶体结构中O-Si-O与O-Y-O之间的键角发生了一定的变化，在其拉曼光谱谱图上表现为铁的含量越高，[SiO4]四面体和Y-O八面体的两个弯曲振动峰分裂得越明显。

The dominant mechanism of the periodical variation of the Kuroshio bend and the breaking off of anticyclonic eddies is the frontal instability.

非线性平流作用是吕宋海峡黑潮弯曲发生周期性变化的主要原因，吕宋海峡黑潮锋附近的锋面不稳定机制是决定黑潮弯曲周期性变化及反气旋涡从黑潮弯曲中脱落的主要物理机制。

The results showed that glass transition temperature and crystallization peak temperature of the ceramics changed little with the increasing value of the ratio, but its phase composition changed greatly, i.e., from augite to diopside with grain size gradually decreased and crystals uniformly distributed.

结果表明：随着w/w(SiO2)比值的增加，玻璃的转变温度和析晶峰温度变化较小，但微晶玻璃的物相组成发生较大变化，由普通辉石转变为透辉石，微晶玻璃内部的晶体尺寸逐渐减小，晶体分布相对均匀；微晶玻璃的弯曲强度逐渐增加。

Therefore, the following works was conducted: 1 Setting up different types combination failure model of ice sheet interaction with semi-breakwater, and considering different actual conditions of crushing, bending and bucking failure in the process of ice pileup when ice sheet acts on the semi-breakwater; 2 Applying analysis of non-continuous transmutation for the numerical simulation. This method is a new numerical analysis method of simulating mechanics response of dispersoid, it has a broad application prospect for the simulative questions of ice sheet moving, deforming, breaking and circumvolving after ice sheet occur pileup.

为此，具体进行： 1 建立冰排作用于半圆堤时的不同破坏类型的组合破坏模式，能够考虑到半圆型防波堤前海冰堆积过程中，由于水位的变化和堤前冰块堆积到一定程度在低水位时触底，冰排作用于半圆堤时可能会发生弯曲、挤压、压曲等不同类型的破坏的实际情形。

We have studied the variational pattern of track geometrical form due to wheel/rail forces under the quasi-static for operating of rolling stock, and also have studied the actions on elastic displacements of constraint rail due to the thickness and stiffness of track pad.

由轮轨力所引起的线路几何形态的变化规律；在假定轮轨力不变的情况下，又研究了轨底垫层的厚度和刚度对于约束钢轨弹性位移所起的作用；为确定轮轴的弯曲变形对轮轨关系的影响，同时建立了轮对有限元模型，计算了轮对承载状态所发生的弹性变形。

The main reason is that bending-strain induces the microstructure phase-transformation of the pentacene polymorphic film from "thin-film phase" to "triclinic bulk phase",which results in the performance degradation of OTFTs.

其主要原因是，pentacene薄膜在反复的变化弯曲作用后，薄膜内部发生了微观结构的相转变过程，从而导致器件性能的降低。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

As for the ovalization-curvature curve, it can be observed that the ovalization increases in a ratcheting manner with the number of the bending cycle. When the magnitude of the ovalization reaches a critical value, the tube buckles.

至於在椭圆化－曲度的曲线图中显示，椭圆化会随著循环弯曲的圈数渐增且呈现对称棘齿的变化，当椭圆化值增加到某一极限时，薄壁圆管便会发生皱曲破坏。

Owing to the progressive accumulation of the ovalization of the tube cross-section during cyclic bending, the tubes buckle eventually.

从椭圆化－曲度的实验曲线中显示，在对称曲度循环弯曲负载时椭圆化会渐增且呈对称棘齿的变化，椭圆化会一直增加直到钢管发生皱曲。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。