发散

Then the focus and spherical aberration of the different conditions of different types of lens are obtained.

衡量电子透镜的会聚发散作用最简单的方法就是分析计算它们的焦距。

It carries out absolute convergence test, club convergence test and conditional convergence test on the provincial productivity incorporating all the three environmental pollutants and incorporating no environmental pollutants respectively.

研究发现，省级TFP指数存在发散趋势，省级技术效率指数表现出了收敛趋势，省级技术进步指数没有表现出收敛趋势。

The converger and assimilator are like our book-smart person; the diverger, like our art-smart; and the accommodator, like our street-smart and people-smart.

汇聚者和吸收者就像是书本型聪明的人；发散者就像艺术型聪明的人；容纳者就像街头型和人情型聪明的人。

To sum up, in order to improve 'problem solving ability', blended Problem-Based Learning Model could be adopted, raising suitable learning models according to corresponding learning styles: Accommodator is suitable for team learning, in-group discussion platform and blog learning platform: Diverger is suitable for individual competition, guided online course, blog learning platform and Vodcast learning tool: Converger is suitable for competition, experts' forum, scenario guidance and in-group discussion platform: Assimilator is suitable for learning through Vodcast and Podcast learning tool.

最后，提出若要提升「问题解决能力」，可利用混成式问题导向学习模式；分别针对各学习风格提出适合的学习模式，适应者适合合作学习、群组讨论平台及Blog学习平台，发散者适合个别竞争、老师引导式线上课程、Blog学习平台及Vodcast学习工具，收敛者适合竞争、专家社群、情境式引导及群组讨论平台，同化者适合Vodcast及Podcast此两种学习工具来学习。

Possible interaction effects of individual learning style and instructor-students interactive modes on learning effect were also examined. This study used the Kolb's learning styles inventory to classify learners into four groups including Accommodator, Diverger, Assimilator and Converger respectively.

本研究透过实地实验的方式来验证，学习风格依据Kolb学习风格型态理论为基础所定义的学习风格分为「发散者」、「调适者」、「聚敛者」、「同化者」等四种类型的学习者；师生即时传讯则采「即时传讯互动」与「无即时传讯互动」两种方式来进行程式设计课程内容，以验证即时传讯互动方式应用在程式设计课程上是否真有其实质效果，并以学习绩效、认知学习、学习兴趣、认知技能发展与教学设计满意等五个构面来衡量学习成效。

It is useful to solve accretion of estimation error and filter divergence in practice.

这将有助于解决卡尔曼滤波器在实际应用中估计误差增大和滤波发散等问题。

Small signal solution of aberrated second harmonic generation is deduced from three-dimension three wave coupling functions. The numerical work gives out lot of results of different aberrations. The effects of the fundamental wave's aberrations, which will change the conversion efficiency, distribution of intensity and phase in the frequency conversion, is analyzed. It shows that when walk-off and diffraction effects could be ignored approximately estimation of the phase distribution of second-harmonic wave could be done. The far field divergent angle and second moment radius of harmonic wave will vary with the aberration of fundamental wave, but the far field divergent angle will be obviously smaller than that of fundamental wave. The phase distribution of both fundamental and harmonic wave is measured using Hartmann-Shack wave front sensor in the experiment with 1064nm and 790nm lasers, respectively. Results are given.

首次从三维三波相互作用方程组推导得到了位相畸变光束倍频的小信号解；通过建立三维数值模型，编写相应仿真程序，首次得到了位相畸变光束倍频过程的大量计算结果，深入细致地研究了位相畸变光束经非线性光学频率变换后谐波的转换效率、光强分布、位相分布以及影响它们的各种因素；得出谐波的远场发散角和光斑二阶矩的变化规律会因为基波像差的不同而不同，但谐波的远场发散角明显地比相应基波的小的结论；得到了在走离效应和衍射效应等影响许多因素可以忽略的情况下，位相畸变传递到二次谐波的估算式；举例分析了KDP三倍频方案中，基波位相畸变对二次谐波和三次谐波的影响；实验工作中，用哈特曼-夏克传感器分别对1064nm倍频过程和790飞秒超短脉冲倍频过程中的基波和谐波的位相分布进行了测量，给出了相应结果。

Different methods are brought forward for the radiation causes. Sage Adaptive filter and Kalman filter with adaptive factor method and UD decomposing algorithm are proposed and programmed. The second algorithm has strong detective and characters of simple computation.

针对发散原因提出了各种不同的解决方案，本文对 Sage 自适应滤波、基于预报残差的附加衰减因子的动态卡尔曼滤波以及 UD 分解滤波算法进行了叙述和程序实现，这三种方法都是克服滤波发散的有效方法。

With this method, the nextto-leading order Debye screening mass was evaluated within real time hot QCD. Since the gluon damping rate was included self-consistently on the internal line of the self-energy, the infrared divergences were removed without putting by hand in a nonperturbative magnetic mass as a cutoff, and the results are positive and gauge-independent. In addition, the selfconsistent calculation method of the damping rates of the fast moving particles in a QGP was suggested, the self-consitent equations were derived at finite tempeature without infrared divergences, and the approximation solutions were shown. Meanwhile the relaxation times of the gluons and quarks were estimated as τ〓～0.7fm/c and τ〓～1.5fm/c at energy scales of RHIC and LHC.

用这种自洽方法从实时热QCD出发用计算了QGP中次带头阶Debye屏蔽质量，由于自洽包含了胶子自能内线中横胶子的衰减率，克服了红外发散的困难，不必用手加的非微扰磁质量作截断，证明了得到的结果是正定的且规范无关，同时本文给出了QGP中快速粒子衰减率的自洽计算方法，推出了有限温度下快速粒子衰减率的自治方程且红外发散不出现，给出了方程的近似解，并估计了RHIC和LHC能标下胶子和夸克的弛豫时间分别为τ〓～0.7fm/c，τ〓～1.5fm/c。

On the basis of the analysis of types and principles of trajectory diffusing techniques for rocket ejection seat s,the lateral seat trajectory diffusing is modeled.

通过对火箭弹射座椅轨迹发散技术的类型、原理进行分析，建立轨迹发散性能计算模型。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。