发展心理学

As the main streamofthe Chinese traditional culture ,Confucian ethics has establishedits"basic morality"or"mother morality"dur—ing the historical development of more than 2000years·The Confucianismthat flies its own color was formedthroughthe contention of a hundredschools ofthought duringthe pre －Qin period·When Dong Zhongshu made his suggestionthat restrained all the other schools but onlyrespectedConfucianismin Han Dynasty,the dominant position of Confucianismwas establishedin Chinese society·By virtue ofincorporatingthings of di—verse nature with unity of opposites inthe later dynasties ,the idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties was developed which madeConfucianism,aoismand Buddhisminto a confluence unity·And the development of the modern Chinese society that criticized Confucianistthought would promote us to make ati melyreflection ofthe Confucianist ethics·Jung's analytical psychology provides us with aspecial angle ofresearchfor the comparison ofthe moral ideas between East and West

作为中国传统文化之主体的儒家伦理，已经确立了中国传统文化的"基德"或"母德"，这是在长达2000多年历史发展中形成的，经过先秦时期的百家争鸣，形成了独树一帜的儒家思想，董仲舒提出"抑黜百家、独尊儒术"的建议，确立了儒家在中国社会的统治地位。经过以后历代的兼收并蓄和对立融合，发展成为儒、道、佛融合一体的宋明理学，近代中国社会对儒家思想的批判性发展，促使人们对儒家伦理思想进行时代的反思。荣格的分析心理学思想为东西方道德观的比较提供了一种独特的研究视角。

Parallel to these developments in psychology, a philosophical behaviorism (sometimes called logical behaviorism) was developed.

和这些心理学的发展并行的，一个哲学上的行为主义（有时被叫做逻辑行为主义）发展了起来。

R elevance Theory accounts that pragma-cognitive modules initiate a set of fast a nd frugal mechanisms in the procedures of language inferencing and processing,yi elding greater benefits at smaller costs.

事实上，心智和语用研究的模块角度趋势正在发展，这一发展也将给哲学、心理学、认知科学和人工智能科学的研究带来新的启示。

Western Marxism, including Existentialism, Freudianism and Humanistic Psychology has developed Marx\'s theory of human. Their thought is significant for building a different road of study on contemporary Chinese theory of human. And these senses include focusing on harmonious development of human and things, advancing development of each person by researching the micro-psychological changes, and the full developing of the ability of each person.

西方马克思主义，包括存在主义、弗洛伊德主义以及人本主义心理学对马克思人学思想的丰富和发展，对于我们开辟当代中国人学研究的新道路也具有重要的理论价值，这些基本价值主要有注重人与物的协调发展、注重从人的微观心理变革角度促进人的发展、注重人的创造能力的充分发挥。

Western Marxism, including Existentialism, Freudianism and Humanistic Psychology has developed Marxs theory of human. Their thought is significant for building a different road of study on contemporary Chinese theory of human. And these senses include focusing on harmonious development of human and things, advancing development of each person by researching the micro-psychological changes, and the full developing of the ability of each person.

西方马克思主义，包括存在主义、弗洛伊德主义以及人本主义心理学对马克思人学思想的丰富和发展，对于我们开辟当代中国人学研究的新道路也具有重要的理论价值，这些基本价值主要有注重人与物的协调发展、注重从人的微观心理变革角度促进人的发展、注重人的创造能力的充分发挥。

Comparing with common CAI. ICAI has abvious advantages. Its realization and development depand on the development of genitive sciencs,computer science and education science.

它比一般的CAI有明显的优越性，它的实现和发展取决于认知科学、计算机科学、教育学、心理学的共同发展。

About historicist scientific philosophy, its whole view of science and dynamic theory of scientific development offered a certain theoretical direction to psychological discipline development and scientific research.

历史主义科学哲学的科学整体观和科学发展动态理论对心理学的学科发展和科学研究提供了一定的理论指导。

It seeks to explain the structure and function of human mind with the view of Genetics and oppose the view hold by empiricists that human mind resembles a blank slate.

在本文中，我们将追溯进化心理学的发展，探讨进化心理学的基本观点及其独特的思维方式，并在文章的最后分

From the perspective of theoretical research, the extreme orientation of both philosophy and psychology will lead to the contradiction and breaking of knowledge teaching and students' development. Consequently, the development of all the students to be human being would be lost. From the perspective of teaching practice, both the spoon-fed teaching and experience-constructive teaching, either controlling or indulging students, as a matter of fact, lead to the lost of cultivating students to be human being. Analyzing from the perspective of ideology, Herbart's "educational teaching", Dewey's "experience" curriculum and teaching ideology and constructivism make contributions to knowledge teaching. However, they have, constraints. If we cannot understand both their advantages and disadvantages but simply support or deny them, teaching research and practice will go to an extreme.

从理论研究上看，无论是哲学的极端趋向还是心理学的极端趋向，都会导致知识教学与学生发展的对立与断裂，最终是学生发展成人的总体失落；就教学实践看，无论是&独断一灌输式&教学还是&体验一建构式&教学，要么控制学生要么放纵学生，都在事实上引发了学生发展成人的总体失落；从思想认识上分析，赫尔巴特的&教育性教学&思想、杜威的&经验&课程与教学思想、建构主义理论都有其积极贡献，但也各有范围和条件，不能正确看待它们的理论长处和局限，单纯的推崇或简单的否定，都会致使教学研究与实践走向非此即彼的极端化立场。

Therefore, reviewing theory base on nationality ideas of Kodaly Zoltan, Karl orff and Emile Jaques-Dalcroze these three music education systems as a cut-in point, firstly use psychology, sociology and philosophy as basic theory to process macrocosmic comparative argumentation to three system music education ideas, then process microcosmic theoretic logic discursion to a few basic fields which influence sight singing and ear training course teaching aim, teaching content, teaching implementation and teaching valuation to confirm most correlative and effective information sources of teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and ear training; once more describe actuality of teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and ear training in our country and demonstrate these basic subjects (psychology, sociology and philosophy) with sight singing and ear training teaching relations and actual meanings of music teaching to further propose development direction and actual problems faced with teaching practice based on nation musicality of sight singing and era training in our country.

由于音乐学科教育学研究与哲学、美学、社会学、心理学、教育学、物理学、历史学、民族学等多种学科有着密切的联系和交叉，因此，从考察柯达伊、奥尔夫、达尔克罗兹(Emile Jaques-Dalcroze)三个音乐教育体系民族性理念的理论基础作为切入点，首先从宏观上对三个体系的音乐教育理念进行以心理学、社会学和哲学为基础理论的比较论证；继而从微观上对影响以视唱练耳课民族性教学的目标、教学内容、教学实施、教学评价的一些基本领域进行理论上的逻辑推理，确定与视唱练耳民族音感教学实践最相关的和最有效的信息来源；再对我国视唱练耳民族音感教学实践现状进行描述，论证这些基础学科与视唱练耳教学的种种关系及对音乐教学的实际含义，进一步提出我国视唱练耳民族音感教学实践所面临的具体问题和发展方向。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。