发展心理学

This pa-per alsopoints out that Kohut's psychoanalytical methodology makesKohut only describe the general condition of individual's early psychological development, and not be concerned with itsconcrete contents.

科赫特的精神分析方法。论也导致科赫特的自身心理学只描述个体早期心理发展的一般状况，而不关注其具体内容。

What's mote, Spitz applied combined methods of clinical observation of psychoanalytical method, experimental method, test and movie method to his research. Through this way, he further psychoanalysis dang into a normal psychology.

尤为可贵的是，他将精神分析的临床观察法和实验法相结合，同时积极采用测验法和电影方法，进一步推动了精神分析向正常心理学发展。

With the springing up of the Post-structuralism during the second half of the 20th century, constructivist learning theory, by observing the principles inherent in Post-structuralism such as structurelessness, non-focus, non-rationality and relativity, etc., reflects a networked non-structural and relative learning theory.

心理学理论的发展总是与某一历史时期的哲学思想和自然科学的影响交织并行的，学习理论也不例外。20世纪60年代在法国兴起的后结构主义浪潮在方法论上对学习理论产生了深刻的影响，建构主义就是基于这一思潮而兴起的，是一种后结构主义学习理论。

In teaching practice,there are such problems existing in the construction of psychology curriculum contents:weak goal directive;undistinctive orientation;inappropriate development;lacking of unique characteristics.

在教学实践中，心理学课程内容建构存在的主要问题是：目标指向性不强，定位不鲜明，发展的适宜性不够，课程特色没有充分显现。

With the development of cognitive psychology, the cognitive mechanism of learning transfer has recently become the focus in the general field of cognitive psychology.

近年来，随着认知心理学的发展，学习迁移的认知机制正受到研究者的关注。

They are natural sciences, scientific philosophy and psychology itself. At first his view is called social behaviorism, and then paradigmatic behaviorism, and now psychological behaviorism.

斯塔茨整合思想的形成有其自然科学背景、科学哲学背景和心理学背景，其整合观的演变历程为，从社会行为主义发展到范式行为主义，再到心理行为主义。

In the process of different people accepting creation education, the characteristics in psychological process and personality's difference are always being neglected the component obstacle is baffling the creation education, education system inner part in narrow sense, analyze the teaching barriers of the creation education in teaching the current course structure exists some problem in itself constructive factor the current course contents escapes from the source of creation education namely the student's living world, the course implement process emphasizes to accept study and memorize or train mechanically, seldom let the student obtain the knowledge through his own activities and practice, the student rarely have the opportunity to express his viewpoint and opinion through his own understanding, this annihilates the student' personality and corpus such instruction process is nearly making the student under control according to the craft process, The student can't creatively express himself, so it constitute the obsatacle of creation education.

社会本位观突出了要求个体奉献社会的一面，忽视了个体突破已有社会秩序与常规的富有建设意义的独创思想与行为对社会发展的价值；同时从心理学的视角，对创造教育的心理障碍进行了剖析，不同的个体在接受创造教育的过程中，心理过程的特点与个性差异的被忽视，构成的障碍阻碍着创造教育；在狭义的教育系统内部，就创造教育的课程教学障碍进行了分析，当前的课程结构在其构成要素上本身存在一些问题；现行课程内容脱离创造教育之源，即学生的生活世界；课程实施过程存在过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机械训练的现状，很少让学生通过自己的活动与实践获取知识，学生少有根据自己的理解发表看法与意见的机会，这是对学生个性的抹杀，这样的教学过程几乎是根据工艺流程对学生进行控制的过程，学生无法创造性地表现自己，对创造教育构成了障碍。

The development of psychology has always been chaperoned by the change of psychological metaphor, and at the back of each psychology theory there is a special psychological metaphor which props up the common comprehension of research realm.

心理学的发展始终伴随着心理隐喻的变迁，每一种理论、每一个流派背后都蕴涵着一个独特的心理隐喻，支撑着研究领域的共同理解。

It produces numerous indices that can be reliably coded, shows considerable test-retest stability, and has abundant valid corollaries.

在中国，罗夏墨迹测验尚未引起足够的重视和开发，也使临床心理学事业难以取得进一步的长足发展。

For their respective logical development of economics, sociology, and psychology, there is a status quo which reflects that they are dissevered and neglected by each other. This situation limits the further studies on demand and consumption, and leads to a lack of scientific explaining power to current social problems.

由于经济学、社会学、心理学等各学科各自的学科发展逻辑，决定了各学科之间相互割裂、相互漠视的现实，这种现实也限制了对需求与消费理论的深入研究，对现实存在的问题也缺乏科学的解释力。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。