发射度

In the same way failure area is not single andis more complex with decrease of scale of specimens. And failure shape ismore close to quasi-brittle failure. It varies with homogeneousness that thescale of specimens at which failure shape changes.(3) The failure shape of homogeneous specimens with crack is controlledby crack. But that of heterogeneous specimens with crack is controlled bycrack and heterogeneousness.(4) Acoustic emission doesnt appear until homogeneous specimens fail.

但对于不同均质度，试件破坏形态发生变化的尺度也不同；(3)对于均质度较高的含裂纹试件，试件的破坏形态主要受裂纹控制，而对于均质度较差的含裂纹试件，试件的破坏形态由试件材料的非均匀性和裂纹共同控制；(4)均质度较高的试件，破坏前，试件内不出现声发射，破坏瞬间，声发射在某些部位同时出现，且随尺度增大，试件声发射能量增大，声发射区趋于集中。

In the experiments,beam bugs were used to detect the beam currents and the beam positions,and the Cerenkov radiation generated by the electron beams interacting with a quartz plate was used to get the information of the beams.

在实验中，电子束流强度和电子柬心运动用电阻环进行测试，而电子束和石英玻璃的相互作用产生的契仑科夫辐射用来给出电子束包络和发射度信息。

Beam profile and emittance are important parameters in storage ring.

存储环束流截面及发射度是同步辐射加速器重要的基本参数。

The results show that the beam halo and emittance growth have been well controlled with the matched design of the beam lines in both transversal and longitudinal directions.

研究结果表明，设计所采用的横向和纵向匹配手段，能够有效地控制束晕产生和束流发射度的增长。

The effect of refined cotton,carbon fiber content and length on the safety of caseless ammunition and self-ignition temperature of simulating bore test was analyzed by testing the ignition point of 5 s delay of the propellants containing carbon fiber or refined cotton,impact sensitivity and temperature of simulating bore test.

为了研究含有纤维的无壳弹发射药安全性，通过测试含有碳纤维素或精制棉的无壳弹发射药5s延滞期爆发点、撞击感度和模拟枪膛试验的自燃温度，分析碳纤维含量、长度和精制棉对无壳弹发射药安全性能和模拟枪膛试验的自燃温度影响。

To solve the exsisting problems in the realization of the LFM/CW radar, the thesis presents a technique for dynamically measuring the LFM/CW signals, which can accomplish the dynamic measurements of FM linearity, FM bandwidth and FM slop of the transmitted signals of LFM/CW radars. This technique creates an effective and accurate means of judging the performance of LFMCW radars. The linearity-correction techniques presented in the thesis successfully make the linearity of the transmitted signals of an actual LFM/CW radar reduce from approximately 25% to 0. 1%(or r. m. s linearity of 0.04%), better than the best results (0.22%) obtained by foreign researchers with complex linearization closed-loop in the same kind of LFM/CW radars, according to the published literatures during the last decade. In order to improve the capability of the real-time processing and range-cells management of LFM/CW radars, the principle of equivalent mixing by lacking-sampling process of band-pass real signals is proposed based on the well-proved improvedversion of sampling theorem of band-pass real signals. This principle is used to configure the range-segments processing of the beat signals of an actual LFM/CW radar. The techniques of system-background interference suppression and the beat signal's dynamic range suppression are proposed, and are realized in an actual LFM/CW radar to demonstrate their effectiveness.

针对线性调频连续波雷达实现中急待解决的技术问题，文中提出并验证了线性调频连续波信号的综合动态测试技术，可以完成对线性调频连续波雷达发射信号的扫频线性度、扫频带宽和扫频斜率的综合动态测试，为衡量实际线性调频连续波雷达的系统性能创立了精确有效的测试手段；文中建立的非实时闭环动态校正技术使一部实际的线性调频连续波雷达的发射信号（时带积3×10〓）的扫频线性度从25%改善为0.1%（方均根线性度0.04%），优于国外已公布的80年代同类雷达中采用复杂的实时闭环动态校正环路所获得的实际结果（0.22%）；为了改善线性调频连续波雷达的实时性和分辨单元数处理能力，文中发展完善了实带通信号的采样定理并给予了严格证明，并在此基础上提出了欠采样等效混频原理，将其应用于实际线性调频连续波雷达的距离分段处理中；针对线性调频连续波雷达中系统背景干扰和回波动态范围问题，创立了系统背景综合抑制技术和频域动态范围压缩技术，并将它应用于实孔线性调频连续波雷达系统中，显示出它们的有效性。

Electron beam focusing ; space-charge effect ; emittance ; spherical aberration ; chromatic aberration.

电子束聚焦；空间电荷效应；发射度；球面像差；色散像差

Limits to the minimum spot size, imposed by space-charge effect, emittance and spherical and chromatic aberrations of the lens, are investigated by means of a five-order radial trajectory equation, the K~V envelope equation and an analytical method.

理论上，利用推导的非线性轨迹方程、K-V包络方程及解析方法研究了空间电荷效应、发射度、透镜球面像差和色散像差对最小焦斑直径的限制并对聚焦实验布局和参数进行了优化选择。

The purpose of this thesis is tomeasure the beam emittance on TIF.

本论文是为完成TTF上束流发射度的自动测量而做的。

Cerenkov radiation ;"double imaging" method ; RMS emittance ; image processing ; computer simulation

切伦科夫辐射；&双成像法&；均方根发射度；图像处理；计算机模拟

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。