发声

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

中文摘要：成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

So far, artificial voice device and the tracheoesophageal puncture with a voice prosthesis are the simplest procedures for voice function; however, there are still many disadvantages and complications of these speech prostheses.

迄今，为重建发声功能，人造发声装置和气管食道穿刺法是最简单的方法。

These results showed that IM is the most important medullary motor nuclei innervating the vccal organ, the origins of NⅫL (lingual n. of Ⅻ) and NⅫts (tracheosyringeal n. of Ⅻ)in IM were overlapping. And nⅨ-Ⅹ miglt play some...

结果表明，IM是支配鸽发声的重要运动核团，舌下神经的舌分支和气管鸣管分支在IM的投射大部分是交迭的，舌下神经中存在迷走神经的纤维成分，nⅨ—Ⅹ在鸽的摄食反馈和发声中可能具有一定的作用。

In this study, we hoped to clarify the mechanisms of pitch control in the pneumatic artificial larynx. METHODS: Three fluent Mandarin speakers using pneumatic artificial larynx devices were studied following total laryngectomies. They were asked to produce sounds in different pitches by following scales upward and downward.

使用气动式人工喉的音调控制，只能透过呼出气流通过橡皮膜片下压力的大小来控制振动的基本频率，本研究即在探讨橡皮膜片振动频率是否也像声带振动一样受到橡皮膜片驱动压力的影响，测量喉全切除患者在使用气动式人工喉发声时之橡皮膜片驱动压力和声音基本频率，并探讨此些病人在发声时之音调控制的原理。

And anything in between from vocal strain, to scythes, scars on the vocal fold, polyps, and get the best out of the voice again following surgery.

这时他们必须学着克服各种发声困难，比如发声疲劳、手术造成的声襞上的伤口以及息肉等问题，从而在术后成功地恢复声音。

Nor can one induce a cat to vocalize on the same occasions a dog vocalizes instinctively, for instance, when someone walks through the backyard.

也不能诱使猫发声，在同一场合狗也会诱发发声本能，例如，当某人走过后院。

The goal of vocalizing skill teaching cannot be obtained unless teachers pay enough attention to students' thinking activities, their mechanism and ability.

声乐技术的教学，就是启发学生通过思维活动去把握发声机能，习成为完成正确的歌唱发声所必须具备的基本能力。

But the fact is that the definitions and classifications of the above-mentioned three ways of singing can be further discussed. These three ways of singing have the common features: they share the same vocalizing principle, i. e. the scientific vocalization is applied to the singing.

而事实上，三种唱法的定义和分类有待商榷，因为三种唱法间存有许多的共同点，其发声原理是一致的，即都是运用科学的发声方法进行歌唱。

At the same time, we do some research in big block pattern's sound mechanism in deeply. Bring forward big block pattern's conception and a new noise "Three rule".

同时，从发声机理方面对大块状轮胎花纹块深入研究，提出了大块状花纹的概念和新的发声三条准则。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失