发光菌

The liqase was positively controlled by HAI and AI-2 to some extent. The lecithinase was negatively controlled by HAI-1, and the hemolysin was negatively controlled by both HAI-1 and AI-2. Special primers of luxS gene were designed from the luxS gene sequence of V. harveyi obtained from the GenBank, and the gene was amplified from a pathogenic strain V. harveyi VIB645 by PCR. The luxS gene was cloned to a cloning vector pUC, and was sequenced. It was found that the open reading frame is 519 bp. The similarity of the luxS gene from V. harveyi VIB645 to the published sequence of V. harveyi strain in GenBank was only 90%.

从GenBank中获取哈维氏弧菌中编码AI-2合成酶的luxS基因序列设计一对特异性引物从哈维氏弧菌VIB645中PCR扩增luxS基因，将luxS基因克隆于pUC载体并测序，发现其与GenBank中已发表的哈维氏弧菌的luxS基因序列相似性为90%，证明LuxS/AI-2系统在哈维氏弧菌不同的菌株中的具有一定的特异性，推测LuxS/AI-2系统可能与哈维氏弧菌的致病性或发光现象有关。

The luminescence intensity of suspended immune cells (1×10〓 cells/ml) from peripheral blood, anterior kidney and spleen of grass carp, which were from two groups immunized with being injected Aeromonas hydrophilia and unimmunized respectively, were detected by means of BPCL4 Intelligentized Ultraweak Luminometer, the datum that were dealt with statistics demonstrated that luminescence intensity of the cells from all kinds of immune organs and blood were intensified after the fish were immunized in two weeks and the luminescence intensity from anterior kidney cells was the highest, mitogens had the enhancing effects. Luminol could strengthened luminescence intensity.

把未免疫的和经过嗜水产气单胞菌注射免疫的草鱼外周血、前肾、胸腺和脾脏以及它们的悬浮细胞（密度控制在1×10〓个细胞／ml左右）分别用BPCL4智能化微弱发光测量仪测量各组的发光强度，结果显示：草鱼各类免疫器官与细胞在免疫两周后发光强度增加，肾细胞的发光强度最大；有丝分裂原具有增强作用；化合物鲁米诺能提高发光强度。

But the speed of infection and the extent of luminous are obviously different.

侵入虾体内的发光菌的数量对对虾的成活率有明显的影响。

Strains YL001 and YL002 formed a monophyletic clade with strains of X. nematophilus with sequence homology outweighing 99% and the sequence homology to genus Photorhabdus outweighing 94%. The lag, logarithmic, stationary and contabescence phase of the two bacteria were 0-6, 6-18, 18-66 and 66 h respectively; pH of strains YL001 and YL002 reduced to 5.70 and 5.56 at 12 h, respectively, and then rose gradually to 7.74 and 8.07 respectively when culture finished. Glucose content reduced quickly during 0-18 h, and then kept stable. Amido nitrogen content reached the lowest at 12 h and then rose slowly. YL001 exhibited the highest inhibitory effects at 54 h and YL002 exhibited highest inhibitory effects at 42 and 66 h respectively on B. cirerea and B. subtilis. Strains YL001 and YL002 belonged to X.

YL001和YL002菌株与嗜线虫致病杆菌种内菌株形成一个类群，序列同源性大于99%，与发光杆菌属内菌株的序列同源性大于94%。2菌株的延缓期、对数生长期、稳定期和衰亡期分别为0~6，6~18，18~66和66 h；培养12 h后，YL001和YL002菌株发酵液的pH值分别降低至5.70和5.56，此后逐渐上升，至发酵结束时其pH值分别为7.74和8.07；培养0~18 h时2菌株发酵液中还原糖含量迅速降低，此后保持稳定；12 h时氨基氮含量达到最低，此后开始缓慢上升；YL001菌株培养54 h后及YL002菌株培养42和66 h后，其对番茄灰霉病菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强。

TBA analysis showed 0.01% of TP had evident antioxidation on lipids from fish meat, and TBA increased with the TP concentration accretion presenting an unlinear relation. The effects of antioxidation of 0.03% and 0.07% of TP were close, thus, the best choice is 0.03% in practical application.5. 93 bacteria strains were isolated and categorized into several spoilage bacteria classes: Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Photobacteriaceae, Brevibacterium, and Micrococcus. In the early stage of storage (1～3 days), Gram-positive bacteria were the major strains and accounted for 70%, most of them belonged to Brevibacterium and Micrococcus.

TBA试验结果显示，添加00.1%以上茶多酚对草鱼脂肪都有明显的抗氧化作用，随浓度增加TBA值增加，但不呈线性关系，0.03%～0.07%抗氧化效果比较接近，从经济、有效的角度考虑在实际应用中可采用0.03%的茶多酚。5、从草鱼中分离出93株菌株，鉴定出以下几类主要腐败细菌：气单胞菌属、弧菌属、假单胞菌属、肠道杆菌科、黄杆菌属、邻单胞菌属、发光杆菌属、产碱杆菌属、短杆菌属、微球菌属、不动杆菌属、无色菌属。

The toxicity of selected compounds and their binary mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate with three substituted aromatic compounds to photobacterium phosphoreum was investigated, respectively.

研究阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠和苯酚、硝基苯、甲苯3种取代芳烃对发光菌的单一毒性，以及在等浓度配比条件下，SDS与这3种取代芳烃二元混合体系的联合毒性效应，并采用毒性单位、相加指数、相似性参数和泥合毒性指数进行毒性评价。

Joint toxicities of binary mixtures and ternary mixtures of acetochlor and heavy metalsto photobacterium phosphoreum and zebrafishembryos at different proportions(toxic unit ratios of 1∶1,1∶4,4∶1 and 1∶1∶1)were studied.

研究了乙草胺与Cu，Zn(以毒性单位配比为1∶1，1∶4和4∶1以及1∶1∶1构成的二元或三元混合体系)对发光菌和斑马鱼胚胎的联合毒性，采用相加指数法对联合毒性效应进行评价。

Keywords acetochlor;heavy metals;joint toxicity;photobacterium phosphoreum;zebrafish embryos.

乙草胺；重金属；联合毒性；发光菌；斑马鱼胚胎。

The single toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Malathion and joint toxicity of ternary mixtures of organophosphate insecticides to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined.

实验测定了三种有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱、二嗪农和马拉硫磷三种杀虫剂对发光菌的单一毒性，以及固定比率配比下三种有机磷杀虫剂的三元混合体系的联合毒性效应。

Anguillarum isolates, while 94.3% and 91.9% nucleotide identical to L. pelagius and Photobacterium damselae respectively. MP analysis showed that ayu-H080701 shared 97.6%-98.8 % amino acid sequence identical to L. anguillarum isolates, while lower than 75.6 % to other bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ayu-H080701 grouped constantly with L. anguillarum isolates. The biochemical, physiological tests and sequence analysis all strongly supported the identification of the pathogen causing ayu vibriosis in Ninghai country, China, as an isolate of L.

PCR扩增检测表明，细菌16S rRNA 基因通用引物和鳗利斯顿氏菌MP基因特异引物均能扩增到预期大小的特异性条带。ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌16S rRNA基因核苷酸序列同源性最高，为99.4%～99.5%，与同属的海弧菌和美人鱼发光杆菌分别为94.3%和91.9%；ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌MP氨基酸序列同源性高达97.6%～98.8 %，与其它弧菌科成员则低于75.6 %，系统进化树分析也揭示ayu-H080701与鳗利斯顿氏菌进化相关性最高。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。