反相

The results of prediction agree well with the experimental ones. It proves that the thermo-mechanical analysis、the neural network models of flow stress and microstructure as well as the numerical simulation system developed combining coupled thermal-mechanical rigid-viscoplastic FEM with BP neural networks are reliable to describe the hot back extrusion process of Ti15-3 alloy truly. The simulation system has good prediction capacity for the microstructure evolution of Ti-15-3 alloy during hot backward extrusion and after solution treatment. It can be used to replace the experiments for predicting the flowing laws and the distribution of microstructure.

由此证明，本文的热力耦合理论分析、流变应力及显微组织的神经网络预测模型以及采用三维热力耦合刚粘塑性有限元与三层向后传播的人工神经网络相结合的方法开发的Ti-15-3合金筒形件热反挤成形的显微组织数值模拟系统是可靠的，能够真实地描述Ti-15-3合金热反挤工艺过程，并对其反挤成形及固溶处理后的显微组织具有很好的预测能力，可以被用来代替预测其反挤成形规律和组织分布情况的试验。

The inversion of particle size distribution from measured data of light scattering, as a typical inverse problem, has been studied by many reseachers and solved by several numerical methods. Among which, direct Tikhonov regularization method with Morozov discrepancy principle, is often used to overcome the ill-posedness linked with the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, so the stability of inversion has been heightened. But there has much room for improvement of the inversion accuaracy, especially for the double-peak problems.

由测量得到的散射光强数据来反演颗粒粒径分布是一个典型的反问题，它已为许多的学者所研究，并用多种数值方法来求解，其中带Morozov偏差原理的直接Tikhonov正则化方法经常被采用，以便用来克服与上述反演相联系的第一类Fredholm积分方程的不适定性带来的困难，因而反演的精度得到了提高；然而仍有许多改进的余地，特别是对于所谓"双峰"问题更是如此。

Calculating formula of wave impedance is obtained by main values of the inverse tangent function of phase_shift at two neighboring frequencies and the corresponding integral character of phase_shift is denoted as the convergent criterion of wave impedance inversion.

利用复合反射系数中多个频率点的相移反正切函数主值，给出了波阻抗的计算公式，并把套管-地层环空间介质中波的相移的整、实特性作为波阻抗反演收敛的判据。

The method on trans fatty acids analysis in food is very important. The effects of methylate sodium, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and boron trifluoride in methanol and their different concentration and dosage on TFA analysis were studied. The chromatographic condition and the influence of time and temperature on the esterifation of TFA using boron trifluoride in methanol were optimized. A method for analyzing TFA were established by GC based on boron trifluoride in methanol and RT-2560(100m×0.25mm×0.2μm) capillary column.

研究了甲醇钠－甲醇、氢氧化钾－甲醇、浓硫酸－甲醇和三氟化硼－甲醇4种甲酯化试剂的浓度、用量及甲酯化时间和温度对反式脂肪酸检测的影响，优化了色谱条件，建立了以三氟化硼－甲醇法甲酯化，RT-2560(100m×0.25mm×0.2μm)毛细管柱为基础的反式脂肪酸气相色谱检测方法，C18：1-9 t， C18：1-11 t， C18：2-9 t， 12 t和C22：1-13 t 4种反式脂肪酸的最小检出浓度在0.774.08 mg/kg之间。4种反式脂肪酸不同添标浓度回收率为98.44%101.23%，重复测定的相对标准差在0.22%1.31%之间，有较好的准确度和重现性。

It is more practical to obtain one uranium product and one uraniumplutonium mixture product through partial separation of uranium and plutonium.

系统分析了用稀硝酸反萃分离萃入30％TBP／煤油中的铀钚的工艺，分析了各操作变量的影响，结果表明用稀硝酸反萃分离铀钚是可能的，铀钚部分分离得到有机相铀产品和水相铀钚混合物产品的工艺较为现实可行。

ABSTRACT Immobilized penicillin acylase (from E.coli) was used to catalyze 7 phenylacetamido 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid hydrolyzation into 7 amino 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid. Then, trans APRA was acylated with hydroxyethyl ester of 4 hydroxy D phenylglycine to obtain trans cefprozil.

以7 苯乙酰氨基 3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸为原料，在青霉素酰化酶作用下，首先酶法水解得到3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸，过滤固相酶，滤液调pH分离得到反式APRA固体；在青霉素酰化酶作用下，反式APRA再与对羟基苯甘氨酸乙二醇酯缩合，得到反式头孢丙烯；酶法合成所得的产品与进口反式头孢丙烯对照品一致。

Secondly, based on the different structure characteristics and additional conditions, we study several kinds of inverse problems of pseudoparabolic equations. One is a kind of pseudoparabolic inverse problem of identifying a constant coefficient solved by combining the formal solution of the problem and the additional condition properly. The second is the pseudoparabolic inverse problems of identifying an unknown boundary function and an unknown source term solved by using the Riemann function method to get the formal solution of the problem and then using the additional condition to transform the problem into a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The third is a kind of backward heat flow problem of nonlinear pseudoparabolic equation solved by combining the Riemann function method and the fixed point theory properly.

其次，根据不同模型的结构特点和附加条件，研究了几类伪抛物型方程的反问题：一是利用问题的形式解并结合附加条件，解决了一类伪抛物型方程常数系数的反问题；二是利用Riemann函数方法获得问题的形式解，利用附加条件将问题转化成求解第二类Volterra积分方程问题，解决了一类伪抛物型方程未知边界值的反问题和未知源项的反问题；三是将Riemann函数方法和不动点定理相结合，解决了一类非线性伪抛物型方程的后向热流问题。

The predictions are identical with that of foreign underwater acousticexperiments.The third,the scattering theory are applied in prediction of seareverberation and inversion of sea bottom parameter.Shallow-sea monstaticreverberation is predicted by combining shallow-sea normal mode theory withscattering theory.Then with simulated annealing of neural network and scatteringtheory accurate inversion of sea-bottom parameter and surface roughness are given.

第三，把散射理论应用于海洋混响的预报和海底介质参数的反演，首先通过浅海简正波理论和散射理论相结合，对浅海单程混响进行了预报；然后利用神经网络理论中的模拟退火法和散射场理论相结合，准确地反演了海底介质参数和表面粗糙度。

We describe the structure and spin wave spectra of various undoped materials, and discuss how the structural and magnetic transitions are affected by the doping.

文章详细介绍了各种母体中的三维反铁磁结构及其自旋波频谱，并讨论了掺杂对反铁磁相变和晶格相变的影响。

This rapid continuous inversion method utilize well logging curves to delaminate formation,and integrate auto-delaminate and human-computer interaction delamination to provide reliable initial model for iteration inversion calculation,and in the same time apply resistivity comparison and gamma as the constraint condition to reprocess the data from the inversion, all these improve the precision of this inversion and get the logical resistivity curves of both filter layer and impervious bed.

快速连续反演方法利用测井曲线划分地层，进行自动分层与人机交互分层相结合的方法，为迭代反演计算提供出可靠的初始模型，同时应用电阻率比值、自然伽玛作为约束条件对反演得到的数据进行约束后处理，提高反演的精度，得到合理的渗透层和非渗透层的电阻率曲线，并在理论地层模型和实际测井模型中均进行了测试。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。