反照率

They found that in regions where the amount of snowfall was low and any snow that did settle was sublimating away, enough dust would have accumulated to change the surface albedo sufficiently so that the Earth absorbed sunlight and thawed ( Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres , DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012007, in press).

他们发现在雪量少或者发生落雪升华的地区，积累了足够的灰尘就可以充分改变地表的星体反照率，这样地球就吸收阳光并解冻了（摘自《地球物理学研究——气象学》DOI： 10.1029/2009jd012007）。

Judge clouds' effect on solar radiation by satellite cloud map gray scale values, therefore establish and confirm the relationship between them. Roughly acquire optical depth of clear sky and clouds from radiation station data and routine meteorological data of land surface, and the study the relationship between clouds' physical character and radiation....

通过卫星云图的计数值来判断云对辐射的作用，以此建立起它们之间的关系；利用地面观测资料和常规资料来粗略求取晴空大气和云光学厚度，进而研究云的物理属性与辐射关系；简单的获取地表与近地面大气之间的辐射关系，以此估算地表的反照率，和地表的净辐射；分析了卫星可见光、红外及水汽云图计数值和地面辐射之间关系，利用辐射传输公式来推倒和分析云对辐射的关系，试图建立起卫星测值与地表总辐射和净辐射之间的关系，并将晴空和有云的个例分开，分别建立并选出最佳模式，以此来估算地表的净辐射和总辐射。

A zero-dimensional stochastic-dynamic climate model has been suggested.

假定行星反照率为温度的平方关系，导出了零维随机动力气候模式。

It is found that the re-emission spectrum is closely related with the depth of ablation and the optical thickness of corona plasma.

还给出了在不同入射流强度情况下反照率及边界等效温度随时间变化规律和对吸收流及再发射流脉冲的分析。

One dimension multi-group radiation transfer program was used tosimulate the processes of re-emission for Au disk.

利用一维多群辐射输运程序，数值研究了平面Au靶入射流强度对再发射谱、再发射流、反照率及边界等效温度的影响。

Some results about the re-emission spectrum , the re-emission flux, the albedo and the equivalent temperature at the boundary are given, and the variations of re-emission spectrum with the incident flux are analyzed.

利用一维多群辐射输运程序，数值研究了平面Au靶入射流强度对再发射谱、再发射流、反照率及边界等效温度的影响。

Some results about the re-emission spectrum,the re-emission flux,the albedoand the equivalent temperature at the boundary are given,and the variations ofre-emission spectrum with the incident flux are analyzed.

当入射流强度在(0.12-1.2)×1014Wcm2范围内，发射谱接近平衡谱，但在峰值附近谱形发生畸变。随着入射流强度降低，发射谱偏离平衡谱越来越大。分析表明，这与烧蚀深度和冕区光学厚度变小有关。还给出了在不同入射流强度情况下反照率及边界等效温度随时间变化规律和对吸收流及再发射流脉冲的分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。